Mitigation analysis of water consumption for power generation and air conditioning of residential buildings: Case study of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 116767
Author(s):  
Moncef Krarti ◽  
Mohammad Aldubyan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings

scholarly journals REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HERITAGE VILLAGES IN THE PROVINCE OF ALMANDAQ - BAHA AREA: (ALMASHAYA'A VILLAGE AS A CASE STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
National Heritage

Saudi Arabia has a rich architectural heritage reflecting its historical memory dating back centuries. The variety of villages throughout the kingdom are a unique sphere for social, economic and architectural interactions. Despite the attention given to the architectural heritage by the General Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, as a national interest, there are heritage villages still suffering from multiple problems such as desertion, deterioration as a result of natural and human factors which effect massively the economic, social and architectural aspects. This study utilizes descriptive and analytical methodology to investigate the restoration and revitalization of the residential buildings in the Almashaya'a village and presents a plan for rehabilitation to preserve the buildings in an attractive and sustainable environment for activities, events and handicrafts that reveals its heritage and architectural value.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Energy Retrofitting Educational Buildings: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Mohammad B. Hamida ◽  
Wahhaj Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Faris Abdullah Almaziad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Energy Auditing

The buildings and construction sector accounts for the majority of the energy consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). For a sustainable future, energy consumption in the sector should be reduced and existing buildings need to be energy retrofitted. A number of studies present energy retrofitting of residential buildings in KSA; however, there is a lack of studies presenting retrofitting of educational buildings. Thus, the aim of this study is to adopt a BIM-based approach to assess Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) in a prototypical Government-built educational building in Dammam, KSA. The methodology consists of six prime steps, (1) case study data collection, (2) energy auditing, (3) proposing ECMs, (4) BIM model development, (5) energy assessment, and (6) economic assessment. The energy audit revealed several inefficiencies in the building construction and operation and four ECMs were proposed and simulated. It was found that annual energy consumption can be reduced by 22.7% in the educational building, and the investment for the four ECMs is paid back in 2.7 years only. Therefore, implementing the proposed ECMs is a viable option to energy retrofit such educational buildings in the country, and the presented BIM-based approach can be adopted to efficiently conduct the energy retrofitting process.

scholarly journals Reducing High Energy Demand Associated with Air-Conditioning Needs in Saudi Arabia

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubran Alshahrani ◽  
Peter Boait
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Ac Systems

Electricity consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has grown at an annual rate of about 7% as a result of population and economic growth. The consumption of the residential sector accounts for over 50% of the total energy generation. Moreover, the energy consumption of air-conditioning (AC) systems has become 70% of residential buildings’ total electricity consumption in the summer months, leading to a high peak electricity demand. This study investigates solutions that will tackle the problem of high energy demand associated with KSA’s air-conditioning needs in residential buildings. To reduce the AC energy consumption in the residential sector, we propose the use of smart control in the thermostat settings. Smart control can be utilized by (i) scheduling and advance control of the operation of AC systems and (ii) remotely setting the thermostats appropriately by the utilities. In this study, we model typical residential buildings and, crucially, occupancy behavior based on behavioral data obtained through a survey. The potential impacts in terms of achievable electricity savings of different AC operation modes for residential houses of Riyadh city are presented. The results from our computer simulations show that the solutions intended to reduce energy consumption effectively, particularly in the advance mode of operation, resulted in a 30% to 40% increase in total annual energy savings.

scholarly journals Domestic hot water optimizing potential in existing or renovated multifamily residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012144
Author(s):  
Flourentzos Flourentzou ◽  
Joshua Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption

Abstract In a Swiss case study of the ReCO2st research project, hot water optimization demonstrated a high potential for energy savings with low investment costs. The optimization started with the end user to reduce first hot water consumption. Energy-efficient showerheads and faucets reduced hot water consumption by 10 to 25%, notably from 65.2 [l/p.day] to 48 [l/p.day] for the period of September to October 2019. A multi-criteria selection of showerheads involved end users considering other qualitative aspects like rinsing efficiency, overall feel of use, noise, and material robustness. Strict control of pipe and storing tank insulation reduced storage and distribution losses. Day and night storage temperature setpoints, water recirculation time, switching off this process after 11:00 p.m., temperature differential of start and stop loading setpoints, creating long loading cycles, ensure that the pipes are not always hot. Reducing Legionella cycles at 60° to once a day avoided the need for continuous high temperatures. The combination of all these soft measures in the Swiss case study resulted in a reduction of energy consumption for hot water of 20-30%. This is equivalent to the installation of expensive solar panels for hot water. A detailed two-year monitoring of the building's hot water consumption shows the contribution of each optimization measure. The encouraging results show that without perfect control of the entire process, it is impossible to avoid a performance gap between planned and actual energy consumption.

scholarly journals Water Consumption and Environmental Impact of Multifamily Residential Buildings: A Life Cycle Assessment Study

Buildings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Mehzabeen Mannan ◽  
Sami G. Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Climate Zone

Water use in buildings accounts for a large share in global freshwater consumption where research on the impacts of life cycle water use receive little or no attention. Moreover, there is very limited knowledge regarding such impacts that focus on the life cycle emissions from water consumption in building environments in the world’s most water-stressed countries. Hence, this study attempted to quantify the environmental impacts of operational water use in a multi-family residential building through a life cycle assessment (LCA). A small part of a Middle Eastern country, Doha (Qatar), has been selected for the primary assessment, while water-use impact in Miami (Florida) was chosen as a second case study, as both locations fall into similar climate zone according to ASHRAE Climate Zone Map. The LCA score indicated much higher impacts in the Doha case study compared to Miami. The variation in the result is mainly attributed to the raw water treatment stage in Doha, which involves energy-intensive thermal desalination. Again, relative comparison of the annual water and electricity use impacts for the modeled building was performed at the final stage for both locations. Water use was attributable for 18% of the environmental impacts in Miami, while this value increased to 35% in Doha. This initial assembled LCA result will be beneficial to both water authorities and building research communities in establishing more sustainable water use policies for specific regions/countries that will ultimately benefit the overall building environment.

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