Engineered materials as potential geocatalysts in deep geological nuclear waste repositories: A case study of the stainless steel catalytic effect on nitrate reduction by hydrogen

This research paper is a case study of OPG’s siting process for a low and intermediate level radioactive waste facility. The chosen site is in Kincardine, Ontario, where nuclear waste is currently stored above ground. The Town of Kincardine is in support of the project; however, several individuals and organizations are actively opposing the facility. The objective of this paper is to understand why the facility is facing so much opposition, what steps could have been taken to prevent it and how to proceed with the project plan. An inductive analysis of qualitative data was performed using explanation building and pattern matching. Lessons were drawn from cooperative siting guidelines specific to nuclear waste repositories in Ontario. The conclusion was drawn that omission of extensive public consultation in the siting process resulted in significant public opposition. Increasing community involvement when moving forward with the project may assist in reducing public opposition.

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A critical analysis of the deep geologic repository siting process in Ontario

10.32920/ryerson.14645265 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anam Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Waste ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Public Consultation ◽

Geologic Repository ◽

Waste Facility ◽

Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste ◽

Waste Repositories ◽

The Town ◽

Public Opposition

This research paper is a case study of OPG’s siting process for a low and intermediate level radioactive waste facility. The chosen site is in Kincardine, Ontario, where nuclear waste is currently stored above ground. The Town of Kincardine is in support of the project; however, several individuals and organizations are actively opposing the facility. The objective of this paper is to understand why the facility is facing so much opposition, what steps could have been taken to prevent it and how to proceed with the project plan. An inductive analysis of qualitative data was performed using explanation building and pattern matching. Lessons were drawn from cooperative siting guidelines specific to nuclear waste repositories in Ontario. The conclusion was drawn that omission of extensive public consultation in the siting process resulted in significant public opposition. Increasing community involvement when moving forward with the project may assist in reducing public opposition.

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Pyrolysis of brown algae (Bifurcaria Bifurcata) in a stainless steel tubular reactor: From a review to a case study

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/446.14.2018.1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 31-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Y. Guida ◽

F. E. Laghchioua ◽

A. Hannioui

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Nitrogen Flow ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Bifurcaria Bifurcata ◽

Bio Oil

This article deals with fast pyrolysis of brown algae, such as Bifurcaria Bifurcata at the range of temperature 300–800 °C in a stainless steel tubular reactor. After a literature review on algae and its importance in renewable sector, a case study was done on pyrolysis of brown algae especially, Bifurcaria Bifurcata. The aim was to experimentally investigate how the temperature, the particle size, the nitrogen flow rate (N2) and the heating rate affect bio-oil, bio-char and gaseous products. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 5–50 °C/min, below 0.2–1 mm and 20–200 mL. min–1, respectively. The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, particle size between 0.2–0.5 mm, nitrogen flow rate (N2) of 100 mL. min–1 and heating rate of 5 °C/min. Liquid product obtained under the most suitable and optimal condition was characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GC-MS. The analysis of bio-oil showed that bio-oil from Bifurcaria Bifurcata could be a potential source of renewable fuel production and value added chemicals.

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Changes of Selected Structural and Mechanical Properties of the Strzelin Granites As Induced By Thermal Loads / Wpływ Obciążeń Termicznych Na Zmiany Niektórych Strukturalnych I Mechanicznych Właściwości Granitów Strzelińskich

Archives of Mining Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10267-012-0064-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 951-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrzej Nowakowski ◽

Mariusz Młynarczuk

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Nuclear Waste ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Fracture Network ◽

Qualitative Description ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Waste Repositories

Abstract Temperature is one of the basic factors influencing physical and structural properties of rocks. A quantitative and qualitative description of this influence becomes essential in underground construction and, in particular, in the construction of various underground storage facilities, including nuclear waste repositories. The present paper discusses the effects of temperature changes on selected mechanical and structural parameters of the Strzelin granites. Its authors focused on analyzing the changes of granite properties that accompany rapid temperature changes, for temperatures lower than 573ºC, which is the value at which the β - α phase transition in quartz occurs. Some of the criteria for selecting the temperature range were the results of measurements carried out at nuclear waste repositories. It was demonstrated that, as a result of the adopted procedure of heating and cooling of samples, the examined rock starts to reveal measurable structural changes, which, in turn, induces vital changes of its selected mechanical properties. In particular, it was shown that one of the quantities describing the structure of the rock - namely, the fracture network - grew significantly. As a consequence, vital changes could be observed in the following physical quantities characterizing the rock: primary wave velocity (vp), permeability coefficient (k), total porosity (n) and fracture porosity (η), limit of compressive strength (Rσ1) and the accompanying deformation (Rε1), Young’s modulus (E), and Poisson’s ratio (ν).

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LCA case study. Part 2: environmental footprint and carbon tax of cradle-to-gate for composite and stainless steel I-beams

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment ◽

10.1007/s11367-013-0639-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 272-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Suphunnika Ibbotson ◽

Sami Kara

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Carbon Tax ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

Cradle To Gate ◽

Lca Case Study

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Experimental study and modeling of uranium (VI) transport through ferrous olivine rock columns

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.665 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 88 (9-11) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. Rovira ◽

F.Z. El Aamrani ◽

L. Duro ◽

Ignasi Casas ◽

Joan de Pablo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Waste ◽

Reactive Transport ◽

Calculated Data ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Retardation Factor ◽

Reactive Transport Modeling ◽

Redox Active ◽

Different Types ◽

Free Media ◽

Waste Repositories

The Lovasjärvi intrusion (SE-Finland) contents a high percentage of ferrous olivine (> 65%). This material has been suggested as a redox-active backfill-additive in deep nuclear waste repositories, due to the large Fe(II) proportion in its mineral composition. In order to understand the processes involved in the redox buffering capacity of this material the transport of uranium (VI) through olivine columns was studied. The results showed considerable retardation factor for the U(VI), particularly in carbonate-free media. The experimental data were simulated by means of reactive transport modeling. The best agreement between the experimental and calculated data was obtained considering that the interaction of U(VI) with the olivine surface occurred at two different types of sorption sites. One type accounts for the sorption capacity of the olivine mineral, and a second type accounts for the sorption on amorphous Fe(OH)

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Limitations of Corrosion Resistant Alloy in High CO2 Gas Production Systems: A Case Study

10.2118/205036-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Rodriguez ◽

Susana Gómez ◽

Ngoc Tran Dinh ◽

Giovanni Ortuño ◽

Narendra Borole

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Fluid Dynamics ◽

High Pressure ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Material Selection ◽

Dynamic Modelling ◽

General Corrosion ◽

High Co2

Abstract The paper presents the application of a holistic approach to corrosion prediction that overcomes classical pitfalls in corrosion testing and modelling at high pressure, high temperature and high CO2 conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of field and lab conditions allows for more accurate predictions by a novel CO2/H2S general corrosion model validated by laboratory tests. In the proposed workflow, autoclave tests at high pressure and temperature are designed after modeling corrosion in a rigorous thermodynamic framework including fluid-dynamic modelling; the modeled steps include preparation, gas loading and heating of fluid samples at high CO2 concentration, and high flow velocities. An autoclave setup is proposed and validated to simultaneously test different conditions. Corrosion rates are extrapolated to compute service life of the materials and guide material selection. The results from the model and tests extend the application of selected stainless steel grade beyond the threshold conditions calculated by simplistic models and guidelines. Consideration of fugacities and true aqueous compositions allows for accurate thermodynamic representation of field conditions. Computation by rigorous fluid dynamics of shear stress, multiphase flow and heat transfer effects inside completion geometry lead to a proper interpretation of corrosion mechanisms and models to apply. In the case study used to showcase the workflow, conventional stainless steel is validated for most of the tubing. It is observed that some sections of the system in static condition are not exposed to liquid water, allowing for safe use of carbon steel, while as for other critical parts, more noble materials are deemed necessary. Harsh environments pose a challenge to the application of conventional steel materials. The workflow applied to the case study allows accurate representation and application of materials in its application limit region, allowing for safe use of carbon steel or less noble stainless steels in those areas of the completion where corrosion is limited by multiphase fluid-dynamics, heat transfer or the both. The approximation is validated for real case study under high CO2 content, and is considered also valid in the transportation of higher amounts of CO2, for example, in CCUS activities.

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