Whole Body Oxygen Uptake and Evoked Torque During Subtetanic Isometric Electrical Stimulation of the Quadriceps Muscles in a Single 30-Minute Session

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor M. Minogue ◽  
Brian M. Caulfield ◽  
Madeleine M. Lowery
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Minute Session ◽  
Stimulation Of

Splanchnic and somatic afferent convergence on cervical spinal neurons of the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. R268-R276 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Akeyson ◽  
L. P. Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Somatic Afferents ◽  
Greater Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Somatic Input ◽  
Stimulation Of

The rostral cervical spinal cord is increasingly being considered the source of important propriospinal regulation. To better understand the substrate for this function, we investigated the effects of stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) and both thoracic and cervical somatic afferents on the activity of cervical spinal neurons. Extracellular single-neuron recordings were made in the C2-C5 spinal segments of chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated rats. Neurons were classified according to their responses to GSN stimulation. Neurons were inhibited by this stimulation as frequently as they were excited. We then studied the characteristics of cervical and thoracic convergent somatic input to each class of neurons. Although all cervical neurons that responded to GSN stimulation responded to electrical stimulation of the iliohypogastric nerve (IHN), only the few neurons that exhibited whole body receptive fields (RF) responded to natural thoracic somatic stimuli. Responses to electrical stimulation of the GSN and IHN were similar for most neurons; most exhibited nociceptive cutaneous RFs in cervical dermatomes. These data indicate that input from cervical somatic afferents and from both thoracic visceral and thoracic somatic afferents converge on individual splanchnic-receptive cervical neurons. Although these neurons exhibited the predicted cervical somatic RFs, responses from thoracic levels did not exhibit discrete RFs, requiring instead more synchronous or more spatially convergent input.

Firing Behavior of Vestibular Neurons During Active and Passive Head Movements: Vestibulo-Spinal and Other Non-Eye-Movement Related Neurons

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. McCrea ◽  
Greg T. Gdowski ◽  
Richard Boyle ◽  
Timothy Belton
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Firing Behavior ◽  
Vestibular Neurons ◽  
Gaze Saccades ◽  
Stimulation Of

The firing behavior of 51 non-eye movement related central vestibular neurons that were sensitive to passive head rotation in the plane of the horizontal semicircular canal was studied in three squirrel monkeys whose heads were free to move in the horizontal plane. Unit sensitivity to active head movements during spontaneous gaze saccades was compared with sensitivity to passive head rotation. Most units (29/35 tested) were activated at monosynaptic latencies following electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Nine were vestibulo-spinal units that were antidromically activated following electrical stimulation of the ventromedial funiculi of the spinal cord at C1. All of the units were less sensitive to active head movements than to passive whole body rotation. In the majority of cells (37/51, 73%), including all nine identified vestibulo-spinal units, the vestibular signals related to active head movements were canceled. The remaining units ( n = 14, 27%) were sensitive to active head movements, but their responses were attenuated by 20–75%. Most units were nearly as sensitive to passive head-on-trunk rotation as they were to whole body rotation; this suggests that vestibular signals related to active head movements were cancelled primarily by subtraction of a head movement efference copy signal. The sensitivity of most units to passive whole body rotation was unchanged during gaze saccades. A fundamental feature of sensory processing is the ability to distinguish between self-generated and externally induced sensory events. Our observations suggest that the distinction is made at an early stage of processing in the vestibular system.

Enhancement of whole body glucose uptake during and after human skeletal muscle low-frequency electrical stimulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2107-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Hamada ◽  
Hideki Sasaki ◽  
Tatsuya Hayashi ◽  
Toshio Moritani ◽  
Kazuwa Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Stimulation Period

There is considerable evidence to suggest that electrical stimulation (ES) activates glucose uptake in rodent skeletal muscle. It is, however, unknown whether ES can lead to similar metabolic enhancement in humans. We employed low-frequency ES through surface electrodes placed over motor points of quadriceps femoris muscles. In male subjects lying in the supine position, the highest oxygen uptake was obtained by a stimulation pattern with 0.2-ms biphasic square pulses at 20 Hz and a 1-s on-off duty cycle. Oxygen uptake was increased by approximately twofold throughout the 20-min stimulation period and returned to baseline immediately after stimulation. Concurrent elevation of the respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate concentration indicated anaerobic glycogen breakdown and utilization during ES. Whole body glucose uptake determined by the glucose disposal rate during euglycemic clamp was acutely increased by 2.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1in response to ES and, moreover, remained elevated by 3–4 mg · kg−1 · min−1for at least 90 min after cessation of stimulation. Thus the stimulatory effect of ES on whole body glucose uptake persisted not only during, but also after, stimulation. Low-frequency ES may become a useful therapeutic approach to activate energy and glucose metabolism in humans.

Electrical stimulation of human lower extremities enhances energy consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, and whole body glucose uptake

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Hamada ◽  
Tatsuya Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Kazuwa Nakao ◽  
Toshio Moritani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Euglycemic Clamp

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that low-frequency electrical stimulation (ES) of quadriceps muscles alone significantly enhanced glucose disposal rate (GDR) during euglycemic clamp (Hamada T, Sasaki H, Hayashi T, Moritani T, and Nakao K. J Appl Physiol 94: 2107–2112, 2003). The present study is further follow-up to examine the acute metabolic effects of ES to lower extremities compared with voluntary cycle exercise (VE) at identical intensity. In eight male subjects lying in the supine position, both lower leg (tibialis anterior and triceps surae) and thigh (quadriceps and hamstrings) muscles were sequentially stimulated to cocontract in an isometric manner at 20 Hz with a 1-s on-off duty cycle for 20 min. Despite small elevation of oxygen uptake by 7.3 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1 during ES, the blood lactate concentration was significantly increased by 3.2 ± 0.3 mmol/l in initial period (5 min) after the onset of the ES ( P < 0.01), whereas VE showed no such changes at identical oxygen uptake (7.5 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1). ES also induced enhanced whole body carbohydrate oxidation as shown by the significantly higher respiratory gas exchange ratio than with VE ( P < 0.01). These data indicated increased anaerobic glycolysis by ES. Furthermore, whole body glucose uptake determined by GDR during euglycemic clamp demonstrated a significant increase during and after the cessation of ES for at least 90 min ( P < 0.01). This post-ES effect was significantly greater than that of the post-VE period ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that ES can substantially enhance energy consumption, carbohydrate oxidation, and whole body glucose uptake at low intensity of exercise. Percutaneous ES may become a therapeutic utility to enhance glucose metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of the Antagonist Muscle Added to Ergometer Training Improves Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Strength

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. e57
Author(s):  
Ryuki Hashida ◽  
Hiroo Matsuse ◽  
Masayuki Omoto ◽  
Natsuko Shinozaki ◽  
Takeshi Nago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Antagonist Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

Inhibition of the respiratory pattern-generating neurons by an identified whole-body withdrawal interneuron of Lymnaea stagnalis

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (9) ◽  
pp. 1887-1898
Author(s):  
T Inoue ◽  
M Takasaki ◽  
K Lukowiak ◽  
N Syed
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Withdrawal Behavior ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Hierarchy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Respiration and the whole-body withdrawal are two incompatible behaviors in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Whole-body withdrawal behavior is believed to be higher on the behavioral hierarchy than respiratory behavior. A central pattern generator (CPG) underlies respiratory behavior; whole-body withdrawal is mediated by a network of electrically coupled neurons. In this study, we provide evidence that the behavioral hierarchy between the whole-body withdrawal and the respiratory behaviors is established at the interneuronal level. We demonstrate that an identified whole-body withdrawal interneuron inhibits both muscular and neuronal components of the respiratory behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis. A pair of identified, electrically coupled interneurons, termed left and right pedal dorsal 11 (L/RPeD11), coordinates the whole-body withdrawal behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis. In the present study, RPeD11 inhibited spontaneously occurring respiratory CPG activity in isolated brain preparations. In addition, electrical stimulation of RPeD11 in a semi-intact preparation also inhibited respiratory CPG interneuron RPeD1. The synaptic connections between RPeD11 and the respiratory CPG neurons RPeD1 and visceral dorsal 4 (VD4) persisted in the presence of high-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ saline, suggesting the possibility that they may be monosynaptic. In a semi-intact preparation (lung&shy;mantle, pneumostome and central nervous system), electrical stimulation of RPeD11 induced pneumostome and columellar muscle contractions while inhibiting the activity of RPeD1. Moreover, mechanical stimulation of the respiratory orifice, the pneumostome, excited RPeD11, while its effects on the respiratory CPG neuron (RPeD1) were inhibitory. To determine the monosynaptic nature of connections between RPeD11 and the respiratory CPG neurons in the intact nervous system, we constructed these synapses in culture. RPeD11 and individual respiratory interneurons were isolated from their respective ganglia and co-cultured under conditions that support neurite outgrowth. Following neuritic overlap, RPeD11 was found to establish inhibitory synapses with the respiratory interneurons, supporting the hypothesis that these synaptic connections are likely to be monosynaptic in the intact central nervous system.

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