Hucul horses’ learning abilities in different learning tests and ue the association with behaviour, food motivation and fearfulness

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of self-regulated learning interventions to increase learning motivation and learning abilities in junior high school students who come from families with low socioeconomic levels. The intervention was given for five sessions through psychoeducation and assignments. The subject of this study is a male, 15 years old. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data analysis using triangulation techniques. The results of the analysis of observations, interviews, and assignment documents show that there are differences before and after the subject was given intervention. In general, self-regulated learning intervention has a positive impact on learning motivation and learning abilities of the subject. Several factors that support and inhibit intervention were explained. Some suggestions are given to develop the further intervention.

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ART AS MEANS OF TRAINING AND CREATIVE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN AND STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING DIFFICULTIES

Педагогически форум ◽

10.15547/pf.2019.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-39

Author(s):

Ani Zlateva

Keyword(s):

Learning Process ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Creative Potential ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

School Subjects ◽

Potential Development ◽

Specific Learning

The article examines some modern deffinitions of system of difficulties in learning process which children and students experience. Тhe main understanding of the educational difficulties and the children experiencing them have outlined. The creative potential these children have is presented by the studies of authors from different countries. The development of their giftedness and talent in different art fields could be used as means of improving their learning abilities in various school subjects, in which they experience difficulties.

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Using problem-based learning in a Chinese character class design: A case study of Korean learners of Chinese

Journal of Chinese Writing Systems ◽

10.1177/2513850219826745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 129-138

Author(s):

Eun Young Jang ◽

Heung Soo Park ◽

Yeon Sil Jeong

Keyword(s):

Character Education ◽

Chinese Character ◽

Chinese Language ◽

Problem Based Learning ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Self Directed Learning ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Learning Attitudes ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Korean Learners

This study attempted to try out Chinese-character education centering on experience and learners away from existing lecture-centered, teacher-centered education. For this purpose, problem-based learning (PBL) was proposed as one of the Chinese-language ability-enhancement measures for Korean learners of the Chinese language, and in order to examine the effect, we attempt to use the PBL tasks in the ‘Chinese-language reading’ class at a university for basic Chinese-language learners and analyze the results. PBL is a teaching-learning method in which learners focus on learning by using problems. In this study, we attempted to use PBL for the group work format. In this way, we can confirm that the class using the PBL has many advantages, such as improving learning ability and problem-solving ability, and strengthening cooperation. In addition, it was found that PBL is worthwhile to try because it is effective in inducing learning motivation, improving attention and interest in Chinese-character learning, improving learning attitudes of learners, and developing self-directed learning abilities.

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The evolution of episodic-like memory: the importance of biological and ecological constraints

Biology & Philosophy ◽

10.1007/s10539-021-09785-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bas van Woerkum

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Perceptual Learning ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Past Experience ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Insufficient Information ◽

Ecological Constraints ◽

Animal Minds ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Nonhuman Animals

AbstractA persisting question in the philosophy of animal minds is which nonhuman animals share our capacity for episodic memory (EM). Many authors address this question by primarily defining EM, trying to capture its seemingly unconstrained flexibility and independence from environmental and bodily constraints. EM is therefore often opposed to clearly context-bound capacities like tracking environmental regularities and forming associations. The problem is that conceptualizing EM in humans first, and then reconstructing how humans evolved this capacity, provides little constraints for understanding the evolution of memory abilities in other species: it defines “genuine” EM as independent from animals’ evolved sensorimotor setup and learning abilities. In this paper, I define memory in terms of perceptual learning: remembering means “knowing (better) what to do in later situations because of past experience in similar earlier situations”. After that, I explain how episodic memory can likewise be explained in terms of perceptual learning. For this, we should consider that the information in animals’ ecological niches is much richer than has hitherto been presumed. Accordingly, instead of asking “given that environmental stimuli provide insufficient information about the cache, what kind of representation does the jay need?” we ask “given that the animal performs in this way, what kind of information is available in the environment?” My aim is not to give a complete alternative explanation of EM; rather, it is to provide conceptual and methodological tools for more zoocentric comparative EM-research.

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Brain morphology predicts social intelligence in wild cleaner fish

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20130-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zegni Triki ◽

Yasmin Emery ◽

Magda C. Teles ◽

Rui F. Oliveira ◽

Redouan Bshary

Keyword(s):

Social Intelligence ◽

Brain Plasticity ◽

Decision Rules ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Brain Anatomy ◽

Environmental Complexity ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Cleaner Fish ◽

High Performing ◽

Selective Pressures

AbstractIt is generally agreed that variation in social and/or environmental complexity yields variation in selective pressures on brain anatomy, where more complex brains should yield increased intelligence. While these insights are based on many evolutionary studies, it remains unclear how ecology impacts brain plasticity and subsequently cognitive performance within a species. Here, we show that in wild cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus), forebrain size of high-performing individuals tested in an ephemeral reward task covaried positively with cleaner density, while cerebellum size covaried negatively with cleaner density. This unexpected relationship may be explained if we consider that performance in this task reflects the decision rules that individuals use in nature rather than learning abilities: cleaners with relatively larger forebrains used decision-rules that appeared to be locally optimal. Thus, social competence seems to be a suitable proxy of intelligence to understand individual differences under natural conditions.

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Evaluation of Community Resilience in Rural China—Taking Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou as an Example

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5827

Author(s):

Jianhong Fan ◽

You Mo ◽

Yunnan Cai ◽

Yabo Zhao ◽

Dongchen Su

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rural China ◽

Social Resilience ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Guangzhou City ◽

Local Sustainability

Resilience of rural communities is becoming increasingly important to contemporary society. In this study we used a quantitative method to measure the resilience regulating ability of rural communities close to urban areas—in Licheng Subdistrict, Guangzhou City, China. The main results are as follows: (1) Rural systems close to urban areas display superior adapting and learning abilities and have a stronger overall resilience strength, the spatial distribution of which is characterized by dispersion in whole and aggregation in part; (2) the resilience of most rural economic subsystems can reach moderate or higher levels with apparent spatial agglomeration, whilst the ecological subsystem resilience and social resilience are generally weaker; the spatial distribution of the former shows a greater regional difference while the latter is in a layered layout; (3) some strategies such as rebuilding a stable ecological pattern, making use of urban resources and cultivating rural subjectivity are proposed on this basis, in order to promote the sustainable development of rural areas and realize rural revitalization. This work also gives suggestion for the creation of appropriate and effective resilience standards specifically targeted for rural community-aiming to achieve the delivery of local sustainability goals.

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Vision-based Autonomous Vehicle Recognition

ACM Computing Surveys ◽

10.1145/3447866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

Azzedine Boukerche ◽

Xiren Ma

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Regional Security ◽

Future Research ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Vehicle Recognition ◽

Model Recognition

Vision-based Automated Vehicle Recognition (VAVR) has attracted considerable attention recently. Particularly given the reliance on emerging deep learning methods, which have powerful feature extraction and pattern learning abilities, vehicle recognition has made significant progress. VAVR is an essential part of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The VAVR system can fast and accurately locate a target vehicle, which significantly helps improve regional security. A comprehensive VAVR system contains three components: Vehicle Detection (VD), Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR), and Vehicle Re-identification (VRe-ID). These components perform coarse-to-fine recognition tasks in three steps. In this article, we conduct a thorough review and comparison of the state-of-the-art deep learning--based models proposed for VAVR. We present a detailed introduction to different vehicle recognition datasets used for a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed models. We also critically discuss the major challenges and future research trends involved in each task. Finally, we summarize the characteristics of the methods for each task. Our comprehensive model analysis will help researchers that are interested in VD, VMMR, and VRe-ID and provide them with possible directions to solve current challenges and further improve the performance and robustness of models.

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Ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and survival via Akt/CREB/bcl-2 signaling pathway after white matter lesion

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370221989955 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153537022198995

Author(s):

Jian Huang ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Xingju Zou ◽

Shilun Zuo ◽

Jing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

White Matter Lesion ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Precursor Cell ◽

Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽

Ginkgolide B ◽

Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Phosphorylated Akt ◽

Oligodendrocyte Precursor

White matter lesion (WML) is caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which are usually associated with cognitive impairment. Evidence from recent studies has shown that ginkgolide B has a neuroprotective effect that could be beneficial for the treatment of ischemia; however, it is not clear whether ginkgolide B has a protective effect on WML. Our data show that ginkgolide B can promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) into oligodendrocytes and promote oligodendrocyte survival following a WML. Ginkgolide B (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or saline is administered intraperitoneally every day after WML. After 4 weeks, the data of Morris water maze suggested that rats’ memory and learning abilities were impaired, and the administration of ginkgolide B enhanced behavioral achievement. Also, treatment with ginkgolide B significantly attenuated this loss of myelin. Our result suggests that ginkgolide B promotes the differentiation of OPC into oligodendrocytes. We also found that ginkgolide B ameliorates oligodendrocytes apoptosis. Furthermore, ginkgolide B enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt and CREB. In conclusion, our data firstly show that ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte genesis and oligodendrocyte myelin following a WML, possibly involving the Akt and CREB pathways.

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