Thermodynamic analyses of the solar-driven Kalina cycle having a variable concentration ratio

The present line concentrator system with constant concentration ratio exhibits rise in temperature of working media, however if the difference between outlet and inlet temperature of working media is large then they exhibit lower efficiency. Also the rate of fall of efficiency with increase in its temperature difference is high. To overcome this problem it is proposed to have a variable concentration ratio concentrator system. The variable concentration ratio is achieved by employing receiver consisting of the pipes having different diameters; with the larger diameter pipe at start followed by small diameter receiver. Thus, the concentrator system will have different diameter receivers offering variable concentration ratio system. This concept is confirmed with the help of G.O. Lof, Fester and Duffie Beck paper. The present paper describes above concept by graphical analysis carried out for the newly proposed circular line concentrator with variable concentration ratio. The results of superimposition of graphs leads to confirmation for the promisingly use of variable concentration ratio receivers for enhancing efficiency of solar concentrating system.

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Silicate analysis of carbonated rocks using ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-5-16-21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

T. A. Karimova ◽

G. L. Buchbinder ◽

S. V. Kachin

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Total Error ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Calibration Error ◽

Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Carbonate Materials

Calibration by the concentration ratio provides better metrological characteristics compared to other calibration modes when using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for analysis of geological samples and technical materials on their base. The main reasons for the observed improvement are: i) elimination of the calibration error of measuring vessels and the error of weighing samples of the analyzed materials from the total error of the analysis; ii) high intensity of the lines of base element; and iii) higher accuracy of measuring the ratio of intensities compared to that of measuring the absolute intensities. Calcium oxide is better suited as a base when using calibration by the concentration ratio in analysis of carbonate rocks, technical materials, slags containing less than 20% SiO2 and more than 20% CaO. An equation is derived to calculate the content of components determined in carbonate materials when using calibration by the concentration ratio. A method of ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio is developed for determination of CaO (in the range of contents 20 – 100%), SiO2 (2.0 – 35%), Al2O3 (0.1 – 30%), MgO (0.1 – 20%), Fe2O3 (0.5 – 40%), Na2O (0.1 – 15%), K2O (0.1 – 5%), P2O5 (0.001 – 2%), MnO (0.01 – 2%), TiO2 (0.01 – 2.0%) in various carbonate materials. Acid decomposition of the samples in closed vessels heated in a HotBlock 200 system is proposed. Correctness of the procedure is confirmed in analysis of standard samples of rocks. The developed procedure was used during the interlaboratory analysis of the standard sample of slag SH17 produced by ZAO ISO (Yekaterinburg, Russia).

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Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage

International Journal of Computational Physics Series ◽

10.29167/a1i2p40-51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 40-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Muhammad Burhan ◽

Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽

Kim Choon Ng

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Cooling System ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Hot Water ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Adsorption Chiller ◽

Back Plate

Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE STRAIN CONCENTRATION OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS IN STEEL STRUCTURE : Part III Formulation of the Elastic Strain Concentration Ratio and the Plastic Incremental Strain Concentration Ratio at the Beam Flange near the Joint.

Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan ◽

10.3130/aijsaxx.275.0_1 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 275 (0) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

MORIHISA FUJIMOTO ◽

NOBUHIRO SATOH ◽

NOBUKADO MATSUTSUKA

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Elastic Strain ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Steel Structure ◽

Strain Concentration ◽

Incremental Strain

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The Effect of Concentrated Light Intensity on Temperature Coefficient of the InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cell

The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1876973x01508010106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zilong Wang ◽

Hua Zhang ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

Zhigang Zhou ◽

Mengxun Chen

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Temperature Coefficient ◽

Triple Junction ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Junction Solar Cell

Research on automatic tracking solar concentrator photovoltaic systems has gained increasing attention in developing the solar PV technology. A paraboloidal concentrator with secondary optic is developed for a three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell. The concentration ratio of this system is 200 and the photovoltaic cell is cooled by the heat pipe. A detailed analysis on the temperature coefficient influence factors of triple-junction solar cell under different high concentrations (75X, 100X, 125X, 150X, 175X and 200X) has been conducted based on the dish-style concentration photovoltaic system. The results show that under high concentrated light intensity, the temperature coefficient of Voc of triple-junction solar cell is increasing as the concentration ratio increases, from -10.84 mV/°C @ 75X growth to -4.73mV/°C @ 200X. At low concentration, the temperature coefficient of Voc increases rapidly, and then increases slowly as the concentration ratio increases. The temperature dependence of η increased from -0.346%/°C @ 75X growth to - 0.103%/°C @ 200X and the temperature dependence of Pmm and FF increased from -0.125 W/°C, -0.35%/°C @ 75X growth to -0.048W/°C, -0.076%/°C @ 200X respectively. It indicated that the temperature coefficient of three-junction GaInP/GalnAs/Ge solar cell is better than that of crystalline silicon cell array under concentrating light intensity.

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Mathematical modelling of remote detection of molecular air pollutants

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19871397 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1397-1406

Author(s):

František Zrcek ◽

Milan Horák

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Aerosols ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Complex Refractive Index ◽

Mie Scattering ◽

Heat Emission ◽

Remote Detection ◽

Radiation Absorption ◽

Variable Concentration ◽

Lidar Equation ◽

Optical Pathway

A model of remote detection of molecular air pollutants is devised based on the lidar equation. The various kinds of interaction of radiation with matter, viz. absorption, induced fluorescence, and Raman scattering, are taken into account; detection of either scattered or reflected signal is considered. The reflection is assumed to be either axial, using a retroreflector, or omnidirectional from a field target. Based on this model, an algorithm was set up for simulation of the different variants of the experiment, making allowance for a generally variable concentration of the compound along the optical pathway of the light beam. The basic atmospheric processes, viz. radiation absorption by the backround, heat emission, turbulence, and the effect of atmospheric aerosols, are treated, and the last of them is found to play the major role. Aerosols are looked upon as a source of the Mie scattering and they are described by distribution equations with respect to the particle size and the complex refractive index. The variable concentration of the aerosol along the optical pathway and the simultaneous effect of a higher numberof aerosol types are included.

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