Is monoterpene terpinen-4-ol the compound responsible for the anesthetic and antioxidant activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil) in silver catfish?

Abstract Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil) is widely used as an ingredient in skin care products because of its recognized biological activities. The European Scientific Committee on Consumer Products constantly promotes research and collection of data on both skin distribution and systemic exposure to tea tree oil components after the application of topical formulations. This study quantitatively evaluates permeation, skin layer distribution (stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis), and release into the surrounding environment of bioactive tea tree oil markers (i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, 1,8-cineole, γ-terpinene, 4-terpineol, α-terpineol) when a 5% tea tree oil formulation is applied at a finite dosing regimen. Permeation kinetics were studied in vitro on pig ear skin using conventional static glass Franz diffusion cells and cells ad hoc modified to monitor the release of markers into the atmosphere. Formulation, receiving phases, and skin layers were analyzed using a fully automatic and solvent-free method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This approach affords, for the first time, to quantify tea tree oil markers in the different skin layers while avoiding using solvents and overcoming the existing methods based on solvent extraction. The skin layers contained less than 1% of each tea tree oil marker in total. Only oxygenated terpenes significantly permeated across the skin, while hydrocarbons were only absorbed at trace level. Substantial amounts of markers were released into the atmosphere.

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Effects of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Essential Oil and the Major Monoterpene Component Terpinen-4-ol on the Development of Single- and Multistep Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.05741-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 909-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Katherine A. Hammer ◽

Christine F. Carson ◽

Thomas V. Riley

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Single Step ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Tea Tree ◽

E Coli

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of subinhibitoryMelaleuca alternifolia(tea tree) essential oil on the development of antibiotic resistance inStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli. Frequencies of single-step antibiotic-resistant mutants were determined by inoculating bacteria cultured with or without subinhibitory tea tree oil onto agar containing 2 to 8 times the MIC of each antibiotic and with or without tea tree oil. Whereas most differences in resistance frequencies were relatively minor, the combination of kanamycin and tea tree oil yielded approximately 10-fold fewer resistantE. colimutants than kanamycin alone. The development of multistep antibiotic resistance in the presence of tea tree oil or terpinen-4-ol was examined by culturingS. aureusandE. coliisolates daily with antibiotic alone, antibiotic with tea tree oil, and antibiotic with terpinen-4-ol for 6 days. Median MICs for each antibiotic alone increased 4- to 16-fold by day 6. Subinhibitory tea tree oil or terpinen-4-ol did not greatly alter results, with day 6 median MICs being either the same as or one concentration different from those for antibiotic alone. For tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol alone, day 6 median MICs had increased 4-fold forS. aureus(n= 18) and 2-fold forE. coli(n= 18) from baseline values. Lastly, few significant changes in antimicrobial susceptibility were seen forS. aureusandS. epidermidisisolates that had been serially subcultured 14 to 22 times with subinhibitory terpinen-4-ol. Overall, these data indicate that tea tree oil and terpinen-4-ol have little impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility.

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Preliminary research into the use of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) in museum conservation

AICCM Bulletin ◽

10.1179/bac.2003.28.1.014 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 67-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sue Gatenby ◽

Pat Townley

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Preliminary Research ◽

Museum Conservation

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The application of tea tree essential oil in dentistry

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0702106m ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 106-114

Author(s):

D. Markovic ◽

B. Mirkovic ◽

T. Jovanovic ◽

A. Knezevic ◽

T. Nastovski

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Prevotella Intermedia ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Plant Substances

Essential oils are widely used in medicine, dentistry and cosmetology as flavour and odour corrigents in various substances for oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to present comprehensively the possibilities for application of Melaleuca Alternifolia essential oil in dentistry based on the analysis of contemporary scientific and professional publications. The application of Tea tree essential oil in the treatment of periodontal, fungal and viral diseases is very efficient. The study of antimicrobial potential of ten different essential oils confirmed the efficiency of Tea tree oil against numerous Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. In vitro studies of bacteriostatic, bactericidal and fungicidal effect of Tea tree oil solution against ten different microorganisms confirmed sensitivity of the following microorganisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and slightly weaker effect against Streptococcus Mutans and Prevotella intermedia. Tea tree is very effective in the treatment of various diseases and is an introduction and momentum for the application of plant substances in the treatment of numerous diseases in dentistry. .

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PENERAPAN DESAIN EKSPERIMEN DALAM OPTIMASI FORMULA MIKROEMULSI TEA TREE OIL

Journal of Herbal, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Science (HERCLIPS) ◽

10.30587/herclips.v1i01.1014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Raditya Weka Nugraheni

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Polysorbate 80 ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Input Variables

Microemulsion is a transparent, isotropic and thermodynamically stable preparation. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia by steam distillation which has been proven to have antibacterial and fungal uses. Optimization of microemulsion preparations to obtain preparations with small and stable droplet size is also a challenge. The design of an experiment is to design an experiment with a certain pattern, with a combination of certain input variables that allow to shorten the number of experiments. Based on the research results, it is known that the most influential factor on the microemulsion particle size is the combination of surfactants polysorbate 80 with co-surfactants propyleneglycol.

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