Transcriptome analysis of grass carp provides insights into disease-related genes and novel regulation pattern of bile acid feedback in response to lithocholic acid

Aim: Examine bile acids effects in Type 2 diabetes. Background: In recent studies, the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects in obese patients while in type 2 diabetics (T2D) levels of the pro-inflammatory bile acid lithocholic acid were increased, and levels of the anti-inflammatory bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid were decreased, in plasma. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to examine applications of novel UDCA nanoparticles in diabetes. Methods: Diabetic balb/c adult mice were divided into three equal groups and gavaged daily with either empty microcapsules, free UDCA, or microencapsulated UDCA over two weeks. Their blood, tissues, urine, and faeces were collected for blood glucose, inflammation, and bile acid analyses. UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Results: UDCA resulted in modulatory effects on bile acids profile without antidiabetic effects suggesting that bile acid modulation was not directly linked to diabetes treatment. Conclusion: Bile acids modulated the bile profile without affecting blood glucose levels.

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A transcriptome analysis focusing on inflammation-related genes of grass carp intestines following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep40777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Xuehong Song ◽

Xiaolong Hu ◽

Bingyao Sun ◽

Yunxuan Bo ◽

Kang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Grass Carp

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Fecal Microbiome and Bile Acid Metabolome in Adult Short Bowel Syndrome

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harold J. Boutte ◽

Jacqueline Chen ◽

Todd N. Wylie ◽

Kristine M. Wylie ◽

Yan Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Bowel Syndrome ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Intestinal Failure ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Short Bowel

Background & Aims: Loss of functional small bowel surface area causes short bowel syndrome (SBS), intestinal failure, and parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence. The gut adaptive response following resection may be difficult to predict, and it may take up to two years to determine which patients will wean from PN. Here we examined features of gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism in determining adaptation and ability to wean from PN. Methods: Stool and sera were collected from healthy controls and from SBS patients (n=52) with ileostomy, jejunostomy, ileocolonic and jejunocolonic anastomoses fed with PN plus enteral nutrition or who were exclusively enterally fed. We undertook 16S rRNA gene sequencing, BA profiling and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) quantitation with LC-MS/MS, and serum amino acid analyses. Results: SBS patients exhibited altered gut microbiota with reduced gut microbial diversity compared to healthy controls. We observed differences in the microbiomes of SBS patients with ileostomy vs. jejunostomy, jejunocolonic vs. ileocolonic anastomoses, and PN-dependence compared to those who weaned from PN. Stool and serum BA composition and C4 concentrations were also altered in SBS patients, reflecting adaptive changes in enterohepatic BA cycling. Stools from patients who weaned from PN were enriched in secondary BAs including deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Conclusions: Shifts in gut microbiota and BA metabolites may generate a favorable luminal environment in select SBS patients, promoting the ability to wean from PN. Pro-adaptive microbial species and select BA may provide novel targets for patient-specific therapies for SBS.

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Effects of clofibrate on some microsomal hydroxylations involved in the formation and metabolism of bile acids in rat liver

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1560445 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. 445-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

B O Angelin ◽

I Björkhem ◽

K Einarsson

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Acid Formation ◽

Microsomal Metabolism ◽

Endogenous Cholesterol

1. The liver microsomal metabolism of [4-14C]cholesterol, endogenous cholesterol, 7 α-hydroxy-4-[6 β-3H]cholesten-3-one, 5-β-[7 β-3H]cholestane-3 α, 7 α-diol and [3H]lithocholic acid was studdied in control and clofibrate (ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate)-treated rats. 2. The extent of 7 α-hydroxylation of exogenous [414C]cholesterol and endogenous cholesterol, the latter determined with a mass fragmentographic technique, was the same in the two groups of rats. The extent of 12 α-hydroxylation of 7 α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 5 β-cholestane-3 α, 7 α-diol was increased by about 60 and 120% respectively by clofibrate treatment. The 26-hydroxylation of 5 β-cholestane-3 α, 7 α-diol was not significantly affected by clofibrate. The 6 β-hydroxylation of lithocholic acid was about 80% higher in the clofibrate-treated animals than in the controls. 3. The results are discussed in the context of present knowledge about the liver microsomal hydroxylating system and bile acid formation in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, treated with clofibrate.

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Self-assembled Supramolecular Nanomicelles from Bile Acid-Docetaxel Conjugate are Highly Tolerable with Improved Therapeutic Efficacy

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm00031d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vedagopuram Sreekanth ◽

Sanjay Pal ◽

Sandeep Kumar ◽

Varsha Komalla ◽

Poonam Yadav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Self Assembled

Herein, we present the engineering of a supramolecular nanomicellar system that is composed of self-assembled units of PEGylated lithocholic acid (LCA)-Docetaxel (DTX) conjugate (LCA-DTX-PEG). We tethered a short polyethylene glycol...

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BILE ACID METABOLISM IN EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY ATRESIA (EHBA): LITHOCHOLIC ACID IN STORED DRIED BLOOD COLLECTED AT NEONATAL SCREENING

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1203/00006450-199211000-00122 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 625-625

Author(s):

Jan Gustafsson ◽

Gunvor Alvelius ◽

Ingemar Björkhem ◽

Antal Nemeth

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Biliary Atresia ◽

Neonatal Screening ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Bile Acid Metabolism ◽

Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia

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The Bile Acid Derivatives Lithocholic Acid Acetate and Lithocholic Acid Propionate are Functionally Selective Vitamin D Receptor Ligands

Vitamin D ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-381978-9.10079-4 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1509-1524 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Makoto Makishima ◽

Sachiko Yamada

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Receptor Ligands ◽

Bile Acid Derivatives

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Ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid exert anti-inflammatory actions in the colon

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 312 (6) ◽

pp. G550-G558 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Joseph B. J. Ward ◽

Natalia K. Lajczak ◽

Orlaith B. Kelly ◽

Aoife M. O’Dwyer ◽

Ashwini K. Giddam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Lithocholic Acid ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Secondary Bile Acid ◽

Colonic Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a group of common and debilitating chronic intestinal disorders for which currently available therapies are often unsatisfactory. The naturally occurring secondary bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has well-established anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions and may therefore be effective in treating IBD. We aimed to investigate regulation of colonic inflammatory responses by UDCA and to determine the potential impact of bacterial metabolism on its therapeutic actions. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of UDCA, a nonmetabolizable analog, 6α-methyl-UDCA (6-MUDCA), and its primary colonic metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) was assessed in the murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mucosal injury. The effects of bile acids on cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, Il-1β, and IFN-γ) release from cultured colonic epithelial cells and mouse colonic tissue in vivo were investigated. Luminal bile acids were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. UDCA attenuated release of proinflammatory cytokines from colonic epithelial cells in vitro and was protective against the development of colonic inflammation in vivo. In contrast, although 6-MUDCA mimicked the effects of UDCA on epithelial cytokine release in vitro, it was ineffective in preventing inflammation in the DSS model. In UDCA-treated mice, LCA became the most common colonic bile acid. Finally, LCA treatment more potently inhibited epithelial cytokine release and protected against DSS-induced mucosal inflammation than did UDCA. These studies identify a new role for the primary metabolite of UDCA, LCA, in preventing colonic inflammation and suggest that microbial metabolism of UDCA is necessary for the full expression of its protective actions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY On the basis of its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions, the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has well-established uses in both traditional and Western medicine. We identify a new role for the primary metabolite of UDCA, lithocholic acid, as a potent inhibitor of intestinal inflammatory responses, and we present data to suggest that microbial metabolism of UDCA is necessary for the full expression of its protective effects against colonic inflammation.

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