Evaluation of the correlation between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and disk diffusion data of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from outbreaks occurred in Chilean salmonid farms

Kebab merupakan salah satu makanan siap saji atau ready to eat (RTE) yang populer di seluruh dunia. Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 banyak dihubungkan dengan kejadian outbreak foodborne disease pada kebab. Kontaminasi E. coli O157:H7 resistan antibiotik pada kebab dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi E. coli O157:H7 resistan antibiotik yang diisolasi dari daging kebab yang dijual di sekitar Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor. Total 43 sampel daging kebab diambil dari seluruh pedagang kebab di sekitar Kampus IPB Dramaga dalam radius 2 km dari batas terluar Kampus. Isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 2897:2008 dari Badan Standardisasi Nasional tentang Metode Pengujian Cemaran Mikroba dalam Daging, Telur, dan Susu, serta Hasil Olahannya. Uji serotyping E. coli O157:H7 menggunakan uji Serologis. Uji resistansi E. coli O157:H7 mengacu pada standar Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) dan dilakukan terhadap 10 jenis antibiotik menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enam isolat positif E. coli O157:H7 (31.6%; 6/19) yang resistan terhadap ampisilin, amoksisilin-asam klavulanat, sefotaksim, gentamisin, siprofloksasin, enrofloksasin, kolistin sulfat dengan satu isolat termasuk multidrug resistant (MDR). Semua isolat E. coli O157:H7 masih sensitif terhadap trimethoprim-sulfametoksasol, oksitetrasiklin, dan kloramfenikol.

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Statistical Methods for Establishing Quality Control Ranges for Antibacterial Agents in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Susceptibility Testing

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01457-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 2483-2488 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

John Turnidge ◽

Gerry Bordash

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Data Sets ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Diffusion Data ◽

Disk Diffusion Testing ◽

Using Data ◽

Normally Distributed

ABSTRACT Quality control (QC) ranges for antimicrobial agents against QC strains for both dilution and disk diffusion testing are currently set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), using data gathered in predefined structured multilaboratory studies, so-called tier 2 studies. The ranges are finally selected by the relevant CLSI subcommittee, based largely on visual inspection and a few simple rules. We have developed statistical methods for analyzing the data from tier 2 studies and applied them to QC strain-antimicrobial agent combinations from 178 dilution testing data sets and 48 disk diffusion data sets, including a method for identifying possible outlier data from individual laboratories. The methods are based on the fact that dilution testing MIC data were log normally distributed and disk diffusion zone diameter data were normally distributed. For dilution testing, compared to QC ranges actually set by CLSI, calculated ranges were identical in 68% of cases, narrower in 7% of cases, and wider in 14% of cases. For disk diffusion testing, calculated ranges were identical to CLSI ranges in 33% of cases, narrower in 8% of cases, and 1 to 2 mm wider in 58% of cases. Possible outliers were detected in 8% of diffusion test data but none of the disk diffusion data. Application of statistical techniques to the analysis of QC tier 2 data and the setting of QC ranges is relatively simple to perform on spreadsheets, and the output enhances the current CLSI methods for setting of QC ranges.

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