Need for Epidemiological Studies on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rural Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Golpe ◽  
David Dacal-Rivas ◽  
Nagore Blanco-Cid ◽  
Olalla Castro-Añón
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Respiratory Consequences of Mild-to-Moderate Obesity: Impact on Exercise Performance in Health and in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis E. O'Donnell ◽  
Conor D. J. O'Donnell ◽  
Katherine A. Webb ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Limitation ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
The Impact

In many parts of the world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. The association between obesity, multiple comorbidities, and increased mortality is now firmly established in many epidemiological studies. However, the link between obesity and exercise intolerance is less well studied and is the focus of this paper. Although exercise limitation is likely to be multifactorial in obesity, it is widely believed that the respiratory mechanical constraints and the attendant dyspnea are important contributors. In this paper, we examined the evidence that critical ventilatory constraint is a proximate source of exercise limitation in individuals with mild-to-moderate obesity. We first reviewed existing information on exercise performance, including ventilatory and perceptual response patterns, in obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. We then considered the impact of obesity in patients with preexisting respiratory mechanical abnormalities due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with particular reference to the effect on dyspnea and exercise performance. Our main conclusion, based on the existing and rather sparse literature on the subject, is that abnormalities of dynamic respiratory mechanics are not likely to be the dominant source of dyspnea and exercise intolerance in otherwise healthy individuals or in patients with COPD with mild-to-moderate obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B Ospina ◽  
Donald C Voaklander ◽  
Michael K Stickland ◽  
Malcolm King ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Aboriginal Populations

BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Its Association with Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam G ◽  
◽  
Rakshit S ◽  
Sarkar K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung cancer are the major reasons for lung disease-related mortality worldwide. Chronic inflammation is a key attribute of COPD and a potential driver of lung carcinogenesis. Among various environmental risk factors, cigarette smoke plays a crucial role in the development and progression of COPD and lung cancer. Several epidemiological studies show that COPD patients are at a greater risk of developing lung cancer independently of cigarette smoking which suggests the role of genetic predisposition in the disease development. Uncovering the mechanistic link between these two diseases is hampered due to their heterogeneous nature: each is characterized by several sub-phenotypes of diseases. This review focuses on the nature of the link between the two diseases and specific mechanisms that occur in both COPD and lung cancer, some of the therapeutic targets which are currently employed, and the role of gene-editing technology to combat these debilitating lung-inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an urgent problem of health saving of modern medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-915
Author(s):  
S V Raikova ◽  
N E Komleva ◽  
A N Mikerov ◽  
M V Potapova ◽  
A I Zavyalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most urgent problems of the modern medical community. Despite the introduction of constantly updated schemes of early diagnosis and treatment into practical medicine, there is still an upward trend in the number of cases, under-examined persons, and prognostically unfavorable outcomes. The review highlights the findings of epidemiological studies confirming the widespread prevalence of the disease, accompanied by rapid disability progression, high mortality, and significant economic damage. The review lists the main exogenous and endogenous risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including occupational etiology. Attention is drawn to the possibility of disease prevention in a professional environment with the proper motivation of the patient and the application of economic efforts. The article discusses the main causes of underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of the disease. Lifestyle modification makes an undeniable contribution to the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and improving prognosis in the developed disease. Certain psychological characteristics that reduce adherence to treatment of such patients should be considered in organizing the management of this category of persons and creating special schools. It is important to create a classification of endotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as sufficient public awareness about this disease with the aim of the earliest possible diagnosis.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Michele G. Sullivan ◽  
Elizabeth Mechcatie
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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