scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an urgent problem of health saving of modern medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-915
Author(s):  
S V Raikova ◽  
N E Komleva ◽  
A N Mikerov ◽  
M V Potapova ◽  
A I Zavyalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the most urgent problems of the modern medical community. Despite the introduction of constantly updated schemes of early diagnosis and treatment into practical medicine, there is still an upward trend in the number of cases, under-examined persons, and prognostically unfavorable outcomes. The review highlights the findings of epidemiological studies confirming the widespread prevalence of the disease, accompanied by rapid disability progression, high mortality, and significant economic damage. The review lists the main exogenous and endogenous risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including occupational etiology. Attention is drawn to the possibility of disease prevention in a professional environment with the proper motivation of the patient and the application of economic efforts. The article discusses the main causes of underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of the disease. Lifestyle modification makes an undeniable contribution to the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and improving prognosis in the developed disease. Certain psychological characteristics that reduce adherence to treatment of such patients should be considered in organizing the management of this category of persons and creating special schools. It is important to create a classification of endotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as sufficient public awareness about this disease with the aim of the earliest possible diagnosis.

Participation of ABCA1 transporter in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Stanislav N. Kotlyarov ◽  
Anna A. Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reverse Transport ◽  
Current Paradigm

Despite all achievements of the modern medicine, the problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not lose its relevance. The current paradigm suggests a key role of macrophages in inflammation in COPD. Macrophages are known to be heterogeneous in their functions. This heterogeneity is determined by their immunometabolic profile and also by peculiarities of lipid homeostasis of cells. Aim. To analyze the role of the ABCA1 transporter, a member of the ABC A subfamily, in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of ABCA1 in lung tissues is on the second place after the liver, which shows the important role of the carrier and of lipid homeostasis in the function of lungs. Analysis of the literature shows that participation of the transporter in inflammation consists in regulation of the content of cholesterol in the lipid rafts of the membranes, in phagocytosis and apoptosis. Conclusion. Through regulation of the process of reverse transport of cholesterol in macrophages of lungs, ABCA1 can change their inflammatory response, which makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of COPD.

scholarly journals Respiratory Consequences of Mild-to-Moderate Obesity: Impact on Exercise Performance in Health and in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis E. O'Donnell ◽  
Conor D. J. O'Donnell ◽  
Katherine A. Webb ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Exercise Limitation ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
The Impact

In many parts of the world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. The association between obesity, multiple comorbidities, and increased mortality is now firmly established in many epidemiological studies. However, the link between obesity and exercise intolerance is less well studied and is the focus of this paper. Although exercise limitation is likely to be multifactorial in obesity, it is widely believed that the respiratory mechanical constraints and the attendant dyspnea are important contributors. In this paper, we examined the evidence that critical ventilatory constraint is a proximate source of exercise limitation in individuals with mild-to-moderate obesity. We first reviewed existing information on exercise performance, including ventilatory and perceptual response patterns, in obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. We then considered the impact of obesity in patients with preexisting respiratory mechanical abnormalities due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with particular reference to the effect on dyspnea and exercise performance. Our main conclusion, based on the existing and rather sparse literature on the subject, is that abnormalities of dynamic respiratory mechanics are not likely to be the dominant source of dyspnea and exercise intolerance in otherwise healthy individuals or in patients with COPD with mild-to-moderate obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B Ospina ◽  
Donald C Voaklander ◽  
Michael K Stickland ◽  
Malcolm King ◽  
Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Aboriginal Populations

BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Its Association with Lung Cancer: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam G ◽  
◽  
Rakshit S ◽  
Sarkar K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung cancer are the major reasons for lung disease-related mortality worldwide. Chronic inflammation is a key attribute of COPD and a potential driver of lung carcinogenesis. Among various environmental risk factors, cigarette smoke plays a crucial role in the development and progression of COPD and lung cancer. Several epidemiological studies show that COPD patients are at a greater risk of developing lung cancer independently of cigarette smoking which suggests the role of genetic predisposition in the disease development. Uncovering the mechanistic link between these two diseases is hampered due to their heterogeneous nature: each is characterized by several sub-phenotypes of diseases. This review focuses on the nature of the link between the two diseases and specific mechanisms that occur in both COPD and lung cancer, some of the therapeutic targets which are currently employed, and the role of gene-editing technology to combat these debilitating lung-inflammatory disorders.

Raising Public Awareness on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CHEST Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 448A
Author(s):  
Epaminondas N. Kosmas ◽  
Silvia Dumitru ◽  
Konstantinos Kougianos ◽  
Maria Harikiopoulou ◽  
Elpida Theodorakopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Clinical experience of using formoterol/budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
I. V. Demko ◽  
M. G. Mamaeva ◽  
E. A. Sobko ◽  
A. Yu. Kraposhina ◽  
N. V. Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Blood Eosinophilia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Acting

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) today remains one of the most important problems of modern medicine. The social significance of this disease is determined by the annual health care costs for treating patients with exacerbated COPD, as well as the still high mortality and disability rates worldwide. The main goals of COPD treatment are to slow the rate of disease progression, control the symptoms, reduce the frequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations, and reduce the risk of future exacerbations. Currently, the main groups of drugs for basic therapy of COPD are inhaled prolonged bronchodilators from the groups of β2-adrenergic agonists and M-anticholinergics, as well as their combinations. Patients with COPD and bronchial asthma, as well as patients with COPD with elevated levels of eosinophils and frequent exacerbations, inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) are used. It has been proven that the addition of corticosteroids to LABA in patients with moderate to severe COPD and frequent exacerbations has a more effective influence on pulmonary function and the number of exacerbations. Clinical studies have shown the relationship between the level of blood eosinophilia and the clinical effects of preventing future exacerbations when using iCS in combination with LABA. In our clinical observation, in patient with moderate COPD and blood eosinophilia > 300 cells/μL, when prescribing monotherapy with long-acting agonists, frequent exacerbations of the disease were noted. The addition of corticosteroids to monotherapy with a long-acting agonist made it possible to influence the frequency of exacerbations and reduce the level of eosinophils in the blood.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE THROUGH AYURVEDA AND YOGA – A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (03) ◽  
pp. 2826-2829
Author(s):  
Falguni Joshi ◽  
Ravi Sharma ◽  
Mahesh Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Control

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is the third leading cause of death and over the last 20 years, its prevalence has gradually increased. The key explanation may be rapid socio-economic growth, resulting in a transition from traditional to modern lifestyles. From Ayurveda point of view, COPD can be compared with Pranavaha Srotas disease, as the etiological factors and clinical characteris- tics mentioned in Ayurvedic classics for Pranavaha Srotodushti are almost identical to those for COPD and usually occur in Tamaka Shwasa. Risk factors include exposure to air pollution, second-hand smoke and occupational dusts and chemicals, smoking, cold weather etc. which are also mentioned in Ayurvedic classics “Rajasa Dhoomvatabhyam Shitathanambusevanam Rukshanna Vishmashana”. Identification, reduction, and control of risk factors to prevent the onset of COPD are important steps towards developing strategies for prevention of COPD. References regarding lifestyle modification along with treatment principle & formulations mentioned in Ayurveda can be adopted for the prevention and management of COPD. Keywords: COPD, Yogic procedures, Tamaka Shwasa, Pranavaha Srotasa

scholarly journals Clinical case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with eosinophilic phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (29) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M. А. Kаrnаushkinа ◽  
R. S. Dаnilov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
High Level

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Exacerbations of COPD is considered an independent risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE). PE is also significant problem of modern medicine, because mortality in PE remains at a high level. Exacerbations of COPD are heterogeneous as by etiology as by phenotype of the inflammatory response. It is presents the clinical case of PE in patient with acute exacerbation of COPD with eosinophilic phenotype of inflammation. It was the presence of a floating venous thrombus in the patient, which could become a source of repeated PE at any time. The patient underwent endovascular intervention — thrombus fragmentation and thromboaspiration. Given the signs of eosinophilic inflammation, systemic glucocorticosteroids have also been prescribed. The result of the intervention was a regression of respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension.

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