In situ effect of fluoride toothpaste supplemented with nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization prevention and biofilm composition

This double-blind crossover study assessed the effects of a low-fluoride (low-F) dentifrice containing nanosized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization in situ. Nineteen subjects wore palatal appliances containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel and were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with placebo (without F/TMP), 250-ppm F (250F), 250F plus 0.05% nanosized TMP (250F-TMPnano), and 1,100-ppm F (1,100F) dentifrices during 7 d, under cariogenic challenge. Enamel surface hardness and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN [Knoop hardness number]), as well as F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, were determined. Also, biofilm that formed on the blocks was analyzed for F, Ca, P, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations. Data were submitted to analysis-of-variance models and Student-Newman-Keuls test ( P < 0.05). The 250F-TMPnano dentifrice promoted the lowest ΔKHN among all groups ( P < 0.001), while the percentage of surface hardness loss was similar to 1,100F. Also, similar F, Ca, and P concentrations in enamel were observed for 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano. In the biofilm, the highest F content was observed for 1,100F; Ca content was similar between 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano; and P content was similar among all groups. Similar extracellular polysaccharide values were observed for 250F-TMPnano and 1,100F ( P < 0.001), ionic activity of CaHPO40, CaF+, and HF0 ( P < 0.05) and degree of saturation of hydroxyapatite and CaF2 ( P < 0.05). It was concluded that the protective effect of 250F-TMPnano dentifrice was similar to a conventional dentifrice for most of the variables studied, having a more pronounced effect on the subsurface lesion when compared with the conventional toothpaste (1,100F). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Although toothpastes containing ≥1,000-ppm fluoride are more effective than low-fluoride formulations against dental caries, their early use can lead to side effects. This has prompted intensive research on alternatives to increase the anticaries effect of low-fluoride toothpastes. The present in situ study demonstrated that the addition of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles to toothpastes containing 250-ppm fluoride significantly enhances the protective effect of this formulation against enamel demineralization to levels comparable to a 1,100-ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of most of the variables studied. Most important, this formulation promoted the lowest loss of subsurface hardness among all groups, suggesting that caries lesions would take longer to develop under clinical conditions when compared with a conventional (1,100-fluoride) toothpaste.

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Enamel Demineralization in situ with Various Frequencies of Carbohydrate Consumption with and without Fluoride Toothpaste

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345010800080801 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

pp. 1721-1724 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

M.S. Duggal ◽

K.J. Toumba ◽

B.T. Amaechi ◽

M.B. Kowash ◽

S.M. Higham

Keyword(s):

Carbohydrate Consumption ◽

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Remineralizing Potential of a Low Fluoride Toothpaste with Sodium Trimetaphosphate: An in situ Study

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000449358 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 571-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eliana M. Takeshita ◽

Marcelle Danelon ◽

Luciene P. Castro ◽

Robson F. Cunha ◽

Alberto C. B. Delbem

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽

In Situ Study ◽

Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a low-fluoride (F) toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel remineralization in situ. Design: Bovine enamel blocks were selected on the basis of their surface hardness (SH) after caries-like lesions had been induced, and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, according to the toothpastes used: without F or TMP (placebo); 500 ppm F; 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP; and 1,100 ppm F. The study design was blinded and crossover and performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Eleven subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks which were treated 3 times per day during 1 min each time, with natural slurries of saliva and toothpaste formed in the oral cavity during toothbrushing. After each phase, the percentages of surface (%SHR) and subsurface hardness recovery (%ΔKHNR) were calculated. F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi) contents in enamel were also determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Results: Toothpaste with 500 ppm F + TMP and 1,100 ppm F showed similar %SHR and %ΔKHNR as well as enamel F, Ca, and Pi concentrations. Conclusion: The addition of TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste promoted a similar remineralizing capacity to that of a standard (1,100 ppm F) toothpaste in situ.

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In situ effect of the combination of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoridated gel containing sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2017.10.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sara Akabane ◽

Alberto Carlos Delbem ◽

Juliano Pessan ◽

Luhana Garcia ◽

Nayara Emerenciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Effectiveness of a Toothpaste with Low Fluoride Content Combined with Trimetaphosphate on Dental Biofilm and Enamel Demineralization in situ

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000381960 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eliana M. Takeshita ◽

Marcelle Danelon ◽

Luciene P. Castro ◽

Kikue T. Sassaki ◽

Alberto C.B. Delbem

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Solution ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Oral Appliances ◽

Double Blind ◽

Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Mineral Loss

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ whether a toothpaste with low fluoride associated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) would provide similar effect to that of a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste. Design: This crossover double-blind study consisted of 4 phases (14 days each), during which 10 volunteers wore oral appliances containing 4 enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by the application of a 20% sucrose solution (6×/day). The toothpaste treatments (2×/day) were: placebo, 500 ppm F, 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F. At the end, enamel mineral loss and biofilm composition were analyzed. Results: The toothpaste with 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP showed the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.05). Regarding the fluoride and calcium concentrations in the enamel and in the biofilm, there were no significant differences between 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F toothpastes (p > 0.569), but they were significantly different when compared to toothpaste with 500 ppm F (p < 0.050). Conclusion: The addition of 1% TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste reduces enamel demineralization in situ similar to a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.

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In situ evaluation of 200 ppm fluoride toothpaste content trimetaphosphate, xylitol and erythritol on enamel demineralization and dental biofilm

Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103724 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103724

Author(s):

Rômulo Andrade Marcato ◽

Cássia Cilene Dezan Garbelini ◽

Marcelle Danelon ◽

Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽

Nayara Gonçalves Emerenciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Sodium trimetaphosphate enhances the effect of 250 p.p.m. fluoride toothpaste against enamel demineralization in vitro

European Journal Of Oral Sciences ◽

10.1111/eos.12277 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (4) ◽

pp. 343-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emilene M. C. Missel ◽

Robson F. Cunha ◽

Ana E. M. Vieira ◽

Nathália V. S. Cruz ◽

Flavia C. N. Castilho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Effect of Fluoride Toothpaste Containing Nano-Sized Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Enamel Remineralization: An in situ Study

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000491555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 260-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marcelle Danelon ◽

Luhana G. Garcia ◽

Juliano P. Pessan ◽

Amanda Passarinho ◽

Emerson R. Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Hardness ◽

Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Integrated Recovery ◽

Phase Surface ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Caries Lesions

Objective: To evaluate the remineralizing potential of a conventional toothpaste (1,100 ppm F) supplemented with nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) in artificial caries lesions in situ. Design: This double-blinded crossed study was performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Twelve subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks with artificial caries lesions. Volunteers were randomly assigned into the following treatment groups: no F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1,100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F plus 0.5% micrometric HMP (1100F/HMP) and 1100F plus 0.5% nano-sized HMP (1100F/HMPnano). Volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatal appliances in the mouth for 1 min (3 times/day), so that blocks were treated with natural slurries of toothpastes. After each phase, surface hardness post-remineralization (SH2), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and enamel F concentration were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p < 0.001). Results: Enamel surface became 42% harder when treated with 1100F/HMPnano in comparison with 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/HMPnano promoted an increase of ∼23 and ∼87%, respectively, in ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR for the 1100F/HMPnano was ∼75 and ∼33% higher when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP respectively (p < 0.001). Enamel F uptake was similar among all groups except for the placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% HMPnano to a conventional fluoride toothpaste was able to promote an additional remineralizing effect of artificial caries lesions.

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Effect of Dentifrice Containing Fluoride and/or Baking Soda on Enamel Demineralization/ Remineralization: An in situ Study

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000047440 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J.A. Cury ◽

L.N. Hashizume ◽

A.A. Del Bel Cury ◽

C.P.M. Tabchoury

Keyword(s):

In Situ Study ◽

Enamel Demineralization

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Effect of APF gel application time on enamel demineralization and fluoride uptake in situ

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402009000100006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rita Sarmiento Villena ◽

Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽

Jaime Aparecido Cury

Keyword(s):

Dental Plaque ◽

Sucrose Solution ◽

Blind Study ◽

Application Time ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Fluoride Uptake ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Enamel Demineralization

This in situ crossover and blind study was conducted to investigate the effect of professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application time on the subsequent inhibition of enamel demineralization. During 3 phases of 28 days each, 15 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks, which were subjected to 3 treatment groups: not treated (control) and pre-treated with APF gel for 1 or 4 min. Dental plaque was allowed to accumulate on the blocks and the appliances were immersed in 10% sucrose solution 3 times a day simulating a cariogenic challenge. After each phase, the blocks were removed to evaluate enamel demineralization and concentration of fluoride (F) remaining after the cariogenic challenge. F formed on enamel was determined in additional enamel blocks subjected only to APF gel application. APF gel was efficient in reducing enamel demineralization (p<0.05), irrespective of the application time (p>0.05). Also, the concentration of the F formed and retained on enamel was significantly higher after APF gel application (p<0.05), but the effect of time of application was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results suggest that APF application for either 1 or 4 min is equally efficient to increase F concentration in enamel and reduce enamel demineralization.

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