Toothpaste with Nanosized Trimetaphosphate Reduces Enamel Demineralization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D.B. Souza ◽  
J.P. Pessan ◽  
C.S. Lodi ◽  
J.A.S. Souza ◽  
E.R. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽  
Enamel Demineralization

This double-blind crossover study assessed the effects of a low-fluoride (low-F) dentifrice containing nanosized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization in situ. Nineteen subjects wore palatal appliances containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel and were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with placebo (without F/TMP), 250-ppm F (250F), 250F plus 0.05% nanosized TMP (250F-TMPnano), and 1,100-ppm F (1,100F) dentifrices during 7 d, under cariogenic challenge. Enamel surface hardness and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN [Knoop hardness number]), as well as F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, were determined. Also, biofilm that formed on the blocks was analyzed for F, Ca, P, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations. Data were submitted to analysis-of-variance models and Student-Newman-Keuls test ( P < 0.05). The 250F-TMPnano dentifrice promoted the lowest ΔKHN among all groups ( P < 0.001), while the percentage of surface hardness loss was similar to 1,100F. Also, similar F, Ca, and P concentrations in enamel were observed for 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano. In the biofilm, the highest F content was observed for 1,100F; Ca content was similar between 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano; and P content was similar among all groups. Similar extracellular polysaccharide values were observed for 250F-TMPnano and 1,100F ( P < 0.001), ionic activity of CaHPO40, CaF+, and HF0 ( P < 0.05) and degree of saturation of hydroxyapatite and CaF2 ( P < 0.05). It was concluded that the protective effect of 250F-TMPnano dentifrice was similar to a conventional dentifrice for most of the variables studied, having a more pronounced effect on the subsurface lesion when compared with the conventional toothpaste (1,100F). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Although toothpastes containing ≥1,000-ppm fluoride are more effective than low-fluoride formulations against dental caries, their early use can lead to side effects. This has prompted intensive research on alternatives to increase the anticaries effect of low-fluoride toothpastes. The present in situ study demonstrated that the addition of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles to toothpastes containing 250-ppm fluoride significantly enhances the protective effect of this formulation against enamel demineralization to levels comparable to a 1,100-ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of most of the variables studied. Most important, this formulation promoted the lowest loss of subsurface hardness among all groups, suggesting that caries lesions would take longer to develop under clinical conditions when compared with a conventional (1,100-fluoride) toothpaste.

In situ effect of fluoride toothpaste supplemented with nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate on enamel demineralization prevention and biofilm composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Gonçalves Emerenciano ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽  
Gabriel Pereira Nunes ◽  
Francisco Nunes Souza Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Demineralization Prevention

Remineralizing Potential of a Low Fluoride Toothpaste with Sodium Trimetaphosphate: An in situ Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana M. Takeshita ◽  
Marcelle Danelon ◽  
Luciene P. Castro ◽  
Robson F. Cunha ◽  
Alberto C. B. Delbem
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a low-fluoride (F) toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel remineralization in situ. Design: Bovine enamel blocks were selected on the basis of their surface hardness (SH) after caries-like lesions had been induced, and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, according to the toothpastes used: without F or TMP (placebo); 500 ppm F; 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP; and 1,100 ppm F. The study design was blinded and crossover and performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Eleven subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks which were treated 3 times per day during 1 min each time, with natural slurries of saliva and toothpaste formed in the oral cavity during toothbrushing. After each phase, the percentages of surface (%SHR) and subsurface hardness recovery (%ΔKHNR) were calculated. F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (Pi) contents in enamel were also determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way, repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05). Results: Toothpaste with 500 ppm F + TMP and 1,100 ppm F showed similar %SHR and %ΔKHNR as well as enamel F, Ca, and Pi concentrations. Conclusion: The addition of TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste promoted a similar remineralizing capacity to that of a standard (1,100 ppm F) toothpaste in situ.

Effectiveness of a Toothpaste with Low Fluoride Content Combined with Trimetaphosphate on Dental Biofilm and Enamel Demineralization in situ

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana M. Takeshita ◽  
Marcelle Danelon ◽  
Luciene P. Castro ◽  
Kikue T. Sassaki ◽  
Alberto C.B. Delbem
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Oral Appliances ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Mineral Loss

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ whether a toothpaste with low fluoride associated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) would provide similar effect to that of a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste. Design: This crossover double-blind study consisted of 4 phases (14 days each), during which 10 volunteers wore oral appliances containing 4 enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by the application of a 20% sucrose solution (6×/day). The toothpaste treatments (2×/day) were: placebo, 500 ppm F, 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F. At the end, enamel mineral loss and biofilm composition were analyzed. Results: The toothpaste with 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP showed the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.05). Regarding the fluoride and calcium concentrations in the enamel and in the biofilm, there were no significant differences between 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F toothpastes (p > 0.569), but they were significantly different when compared to toothpaste with 500 ppm F (p < 0.050). Conclusion: The addition of 1% TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste reduces enamel demineralization in situ similar to a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.

In situ Effect of Arginine-Containing Dentifrice on Plaque Composition and on Enamel Demineralization under Distinct Cariogenic Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Y. Sanchez ◽  
Caroline L. de Oliveira ◽  
Thais C. Negrini ◽  
Lina N. Hashizume ◽  
Anderson T. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Adult Volunteers ◽  
Mineral Loss ◽  
In Situ Split

There is limited evidence that arginine-containing fluoridated dentifrices (AFD) have a better anticaries effect than regular fluoridated dentifrices (FD), especially in subjects at a higher risk for caries development. This study aimed to assess the effect of AFD on enamel demineralization and on the microbial and biochemical compositions of biofilm formed under different frequencies of sucrose exposure. It consisted of an in situ split-mouth design, where 12 adult volunteers who used FD for at least 2 months prior to the beginning of this study wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel specimens (1 pair at each side of the appliance) during 2 phases of 14 days each. FD slurry (3×/day) and 20% sucrose solution (4× and 8×/day) were dripped on the specimens during the first experimental phase. The same volunteers then used AFD during a 2-month washout period, followed by a second experimental phase where the AFD slurry and sucrose solution were applied onto a new subset of specimens. The percentage of enamel surface hardness loss (%SHL), the lesion depth (LD), the integrated mineral loss (IML), microbial counts on biofilms, the biomass, and inorganic and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide (IEPS) biofilm concentrations were determined. Higher %SHL, biomass, and IEPS and lower fluoride values were found at sucrose 8×/day exposure. Lower IEPS were found in the presence of AFD compared to FD. Similar %SHL, LD, and IML values were found between FD and AFD, irrespectively of the cariogenic challenge. The results suggest that AFD have an anticaries effect similar to that of regular FD.

Enamel Demineralization in situ with Various Frequencies of Carbohydrate Consumption with and without Fluoride Toothpaste

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1721-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Duggal ◽  
K.J. Toumba ◽  
B.T. Amaechi ◽  
M.B. Kowash ◽  
S.M. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Enamel Demineralization

Effect of Fluoride Toothpaste Containing Nano-Sized Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Enamel Remineralization: An in situ Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Danelon ◽  
Luhana G. Garcia ◽  
Juliano P. Pessan ◽  
Amanda Passarinho ◽  
Emerson R. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Integrated Recovery ◽  
Phase Surface ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objective: To evaluate the remineralizing potential of a conventional toothpaste (1,100 ppm F) supplemented with nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) in artificial caries lesions in situ. Design: This double-blinded crossed study was performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Twelve subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks with artificial caries lesions. Volunteers were randomly assigned into the following treatment groups: no F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1,100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F plus 0.5% micrometric HMP (1100F/HMP) and 1100F plus 0.5% nano-sized HMP (1100F/HMPnano). Volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatal appliances in the mouth for 1 min (3 times/day), so that blocks were treated with natural slurries of toothpastes. After each phase, surface hardness post-remineralization (SH2), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and enamel F concentration were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p < 0.001). Results: Enamel surface became 42% harder when treated with 1100F/HMPnano in comparison with 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/HMPnano promoted an increase of ∼23 and ∼87%, respectively, in ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR for the 1100F/HMPnano was ∼75 and ∼33% higher when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP respectively (p < 0.001). Enamel F uptake was similar among all groups except for the placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% HMPnano to a conventional fluoride toothpaste was able to promote an additional remineralizing effect of artificial caries lesions.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children

BDJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett T. Amaechi ◽  
Parveez Ahamed AbdulAzees ◽  
Dina Ossama Alshareif ◽  
Marina Adel Shehata ◽  
Patrícia Paula de Carvalho Sampaio Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Oral Appliance ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Amine Fluoride

Abstract Objective This in situ study compared the effectiveness of two toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite or 500 ppm fluoride in promoting remineralization and inhibiting caries development. Materials and methods Two enamel blocks (human primary teeth), one sound and one with artificially-produced caries lesion, were exposed to toothpaste containing either 10% hydroxyapatite or 500 ppm F− (amine fluoride) via intra-oral appliance worn by 30 adults in two-arm double blind randomized crossover study lasting 14 days per arm (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03681340). Baseline and post-test mineral loss and lesion depth (LD) were quantified using microradiography. One-sided t-test of one group mean was used for intragroup comparison (baseline vs. post-test), while two-sided t-test of two independent means was used to compare the two toothpaste groups. Results Pairwise comparison (baseline vs. test) indicated significant (p < 0.0001) remineralization and LD reduction by either toothpaste; however, when compared against each other, there was no statistically significant difference in remineralization or LD reduction between the two toothpastes. No demineralization could be observed in sound enamel blocks exposed to either toothpaste. While F− induced lesion surface lamination, HAP produced a more homogenous lesion remineralization. Conclusions 10% hydroxyapatite achieved comparable efficacy with 500 ppm F− in remineralizing initial caries and preventing demineralization. Thus the HAP toothpaste is confirmed to be equal to the fluoride toothpaste in this study.

scholarly journals In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyane Maria Luna Cruz de Vasconcelos ◽  
Mary Anne Sampaio de Melo ◽  
Joao Paulo Marques Saraiva Wenceslau ◽  
Iriana Carla Junqueira Zanin ◽  
Haroldo Cesar Pinheiro Beltrao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Secondary Caries ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Situ Assessment ◽  
Self Etch

ABSTRACT Aim This in situ study assessed the effects of adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and enamel demineralization. Materials and methods During two phases of 14 days, ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances containing two slabs of human enamel according to a double-blind, crossover design. The slabs were randomly restored using a composite resin and one of the following adhesive systems: All-Bond SETM (self-etch, fluoride/MDPB free adhesive, AB) and Clearfil Protect Bond (self-etch containing fluoride and MDPB adhesive, CB). The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed with regard to total and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts. Demineralization represented by integrated area of hardness × lesion depth Delta S (ƒ¢S) was determined on enamel by analysis of cross-sectional microhardness, at 20 and 70 ƒÊm from the restoration margin. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results No statistically significant difference was found either in enamel demineralization or in the microbiological composition of dental biofilm. Conclusion All adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or MDPB tested were unable to inhibit secondary caries in the in situ model used in the present research. How to cite this article de Vasconcelos SMLC, de Melo MAS, Wenceslau JPMS, Zanin ICJ, Beltrao HCP, Fernandes CAO, de Almeida PC, Rodrigues LKA. In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-Incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):142-148.

The Addition of Propylene Glycol Alginate to a Fluoride Solution to Control Enamel Wear: An in situ Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Letícia Oba Sakae ◽  
Samira Helena Niemeyer ◽  
Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra ◽  
Alessandra Buhler Borges ◽  
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Propylene Glycol Alginate ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Enamel Wear

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of propylene glycol alginate (PGA) associated with sodium fluoride (NaF) against enamel erosion and erosion-abrasion. A 4-phase, split-mouth, double-blind, crossover in situ trial was conducted with the following solutions: F + PGA (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup> + 0.1% PGA), F (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup>), F + Sn (225 ppm F<sup>–</sup> + SnCl<sub>2</sub>, 800 ppm Sn<sup>2+</sup>), and negative control (distilled water). In each phase, 12 subjects wore removable mandibular appliances containing 4 enamel specimens, which were submitted either to erosion or to erosion-abrasion challenges for 5 days. Acquired salivary pellicle was formed in situ for 2 h. Erosion-abrasion consisted of acid challenge (1% citric acid solution, pH 2.3, 5 min, 4×/day), exposure to saliva in situ (2 h, 4×/day), brushing (5 s, total 2 min exposure to the slurry), and treatment with the solutions (2 min, 2×/day). For erosion, the same procedures were performed, without brushing. At the end, surface loss (SL; in μm) was evaluated by means of optical profilometry. KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified for erosion-only groups using extra specimens. For both challenges, the SL values found for F + PGA did not differ significantly from those of F and the negative control, and the SL value shown for F + Sn was significantly the lowest. Erosion-abrasion promoted significantly higher SL values than erosion. KOH-soluble fluoride analysis showed that F + Sn had a higher fluoride concentration in comparison with the negative control and F, while F + PGA did not differ from any of the other groups. In conclusion, PGA was not able to improve the protective effect of NaF against erosive enamel wear.

scholarly journals Effect of starch on the cariogenic potential of sucrose

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. C. Ribeiro ◽  
Cínthia P. M. Tabchoury ◽  
Altair A. Del Bel Cury ◽  
Livia M. A. Tenuta ◽  
Pedro L. Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Mineral Loss

Sincein vitroand animal studies suggest that the combination of starch with sucrose may be more cariogenic than sucrose alone, the study assessedin situthe effects of this association appliedin vitroon the acidogenicity, biochemical and microbiological composition of dental biofilm, as well as on enamel demineralization. During two phases of 14 d each, fifteen volunteers wore palatal appliances containing blocks of human deciduous enamel, which were extra-orally submitted to four groups of treatments: water (negative control, T1); 2 % starch (T2); 10 % sucrose (T3); and 2 % starch+10 % sucrose (T4). The solutions were dripped onto the blocks eight times per day. The biofilm formed on the blocks was analysed with regard to amylase activity, acidogenicity, and biochemical and microbiological composition. Demineralization was determined on enamel by cross-sectional microhardness. The greatest mineral loss was observed for the association starch+sucrose (P<0·05). Also, this association resulted in the highest lactobacillus count in the biofilm formed (P<0·05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that a small amount of added starch increases the cariogenic potential of sucrose.

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