Photochemical model evaluation of the ground-level ozone impacts on ambient air quality and vegetation health in the Alberta oil sands region: Using present and future emission scenarios

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Sunny Cho ◽  
Ralph Morris ◽  
David Spink ◽  
Jaegun Jung ◽  
...  
Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Hůnová

Based on an analysis of related core papers and reports, this review presents a historical perspective on ambient air pollution and ambient air quality development in the modern-day Czech Republic (CR) over the past seven decades, i.e., from the 1950s to the present. It offers insights into major air pollution problems, reveals the main hot spots and problematic regions and indicates the principal air pollutants in the CR. Air pollution is not presented as a stand-alone problem, but in the wider context of air pollution impacts both on human health and the environment in the CR. The review is arranged into three main parts: (1) the time period until the Velvet Revolution of 1989, (2) the transition period of the 1990s and (3) the modern period after 2000. Obviously, a major improvement in ambient air quality has been achieved since the 1970s and 1980s, when air pollution in the former Czechoslovakia culminated. Nevertheless, new challenges including fine aerosol, benzo[a]pyrene and ground-level ozone, of which the limit values are still vastly exceeded, have emerged. Furthermore, in spite of a significant reduction in overall emissions, the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, in particular, remains high in some regions.


Author(s):  
Erin C. Horb ◽  
Gregory R. Wentworth ◽  
Paul A. Makar ◽  
John Liggio ◽  
Katherine Hayden ◽  
...  

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Lipfert

An analysis of gas turbine ambient air quality impact is presented, from the standpoint of the acceptability of alternate fuels having higher sulfur content and possibly higher particulate emissions. Various plume rise formulas are compared, and formulas are given for maximum ground level concentrations for both short term (1 to 3 hr) and intermediate (3 to 24 hr) periods. The results show that the U.S. Federal Air quality standards may allow large gas turbine complexes (∼500 mw) burning up to 1% sulfur fuel, for example. Taking advantage of this capability could increase the supply of lower sulfur fuels for home heating and/or transportation use.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Percy

In 2010, there were 91 active oil sands projects in the Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta where the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association monitors air quality and related environmental impacts. In 2012, ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia did not exceed the Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives. There was one exceedance of   these objectives for ground-level ozone, and 62 exceedances for fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 microns. There were 170 exceedances of the 1-hour hydrogen sulphide / total reduced sulphur odour threshold. The number of hourly exceedances has decreased since 2009, yet odours remain a serious concern in some communities. Based on the Air Quality Health Index (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter), the risk from ambient air quality to human health from some pollutants was calculated to be low 96% to 98% of the time depending upon monitoring location, moderate 1% to 3.4%, high ≤ 0.4%, and very high ≤ 0.2% of the year. In a highly regulated setting like the Alberta oil sands, it is critical for stakeholders to quantify the spatial influences of emission source types to explain  any consequential environmental effects. Source apportionment studies successfully matched source chemical fingerprints with those measured in terrestrial lichens throughout the region. Forensic receptor modeling showed source types contributing to elemental concentrations in the lichens included combustion processes (~23%), tailing sand (~19%), haul roads and limestone (~15%), oil sand and processed materials (~15%), and a general anthropogenic urban source (~15%). Re-suspended fugitive dust from operations, tailings dikes, quarrying, on-road transportation, and land clearing was found to contribute enrichment to a much greater degree than the hitherto assumed combustion source type.SOMMAIREEn 2010, il y avait 91 projets d’extraction en cours dans les sables bitumineux de l’Athabasca en Alberta, soit dans le secteur où la Wood Buffalo Environmental Association mesure la qualité de l'air et les répercussions sur les milieux de vie.  En 2012, les concentrations dans l'air ambiant de dioxyde de soufre, le dioxyde d'azote et d'ammoniac n’ont pas dépassé les niveaux fixés par l’Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives.  Il y a eu 1 dépassement de ces objectifs pour la concentration de l'ozone au niveau du sol, et 62 dépassements pour la concentration des particules fines d'un diamètre aérodynamique ≤ 2,5 micromètres.  Il y a eu 170 dépassements pour la concentration du sulfure d’hydrogène pendant 1 heure / du seuil de l’odeur total de soufre réduit.  Le nombre des dépassements horaires a diminué depuis 2009, mais les odeurs demeurent un grave problème dans certaines communautés.  En fonction de la Cote air santé (ozone, dioxyde d'azote, particules fines), le risque de la qualité de l'air ambiant pour la santé humaine de certains polluants a été qualifiée de faible pour 96 % à 98 % des cas selon lieu de la mesure, de modérée dans 1 % à 3,4 %, plus élevé dans ≤ 0,4% des cas, et de très élevé dans ≤ 0,2% de l’année.  Dans un cadre très réglementé comme celui des sables bitumineux de l'Alberta, il est essentiel pour les parties prenantes de quantifier spatialement les répercussions des divers types de sources d'émissions dans le but d’expliquer les conséquences sur les milieux de vie.  Les études d’attribution des sources ont très bien recoupé celles des empreintes chimiques des sources mesurées dans les lichens terrestres dans toute la région.  La modélisation par récepteurs forensiques a montré que les types de sources qui contribuent aux concentrations élémentaires dans les lichens proviennent des procédés de combustion (~ 23%), des sables résiduels (~ 19%), des routes de transport et du calcaire (~ 15%), des sables bitumineux et des matériaux transformés (~ 15%) et d’une source urbaine anthropique générale (~ 15%).  On a établi que les poussières diffuses remises en suspension provenant de l'exploitation, les digues de résidus, les carrières, le transport routier et le défrichement contribuent à l’augmentation de la concentration à un degré beaucoup plus élevé que la combustion, qu’on ne l’avait estimé jusqu’à présent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.014


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Durbaca ◽  
Nicoleta Sporea ◽  
Dana-Claudia Farcas-Flamaropol ◽  
Elena Surdu

This paper analyzes the improvement of ambient air quality indicators by monitoring the NOx concentration in one of the most polluted areas of Bucharest, using the statistical method "SIX SIGMA" (6σ). By applying the methodology of this statistical approach, the aim is to reduce non-conformities within the specified limits (according to the standards and legislative norms in force) and respectively, to ensure maximum efficiency (99,99%), equivalent to a yield of 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). As high concentrations of air pollutants have a major impact on human health, the most harmful effect has been found to be caused by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), mainly from ground-level ozone. Using the "6σ" method, the optimal solutions for eliminating non-conformities and implicitly for reducing the NO2 concentration and ensuring the improvement of the ambient air quality can be identified.


2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 650-655
Author(s):  
S.A. Ogunnowo ◽  
A.I. Igbafe

An evaluation of the ambient air quality of emitted gases and particles at major road junctions within Warri conurbation was carried out. The study was aimed at ascertaining if air pollution levels exceeded the acceptable limits during weekdays as well as attempt to target the root causes. Ambient air was monitored from strategic locations at eight major road junctions sparsely distributed within residential areas for in-situ measurement of NO2, SO2, CO and PM10 concentrations. Monitoring was done consecutively for a period of two weeks at four single-carriage and four dual-carriage roads to test the contributions of traffic on air quality. The averages of the minimum and the maximum daily observations over the entire sampling period ranged between 0.02452ppm and 0.05684ppm for NO2, while that of SO2 ranged between 0.00564ppm and 0.05654ppm, and that of CO ranged between 0.438ppm and 4.890ppm, whereas PM10 yielded 13.602μg/m3 as minimum and 122.124μg/m3 as maximum levels. As was expected, concentrations from all the single carriage roads were higher than those from the dual carriage roads owing to the heavy traffic congestions in single-lane roads. This study also revealed that only the NO2 values obtained around Robinson plaza and Warri main market junctions were perilously close to the specified FMENV levels for hourly exposure. This being that there were rapid oxidation of NO to NO2 from vehicular emissions. However, the presence of high levels of NO2 is synonymous to high ground level ozone production environment, consequently, a high oxidation region of free radicals which could lead to more particulate matter formation during advection.


Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
J. L. Miller

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 provide the basis for a dramatic change in Federal air quality programs. The Act establishes new standards for motor vehicles and requires EPA to establish national ambient air quality standards, standards of performance for new stationary sources of pollution, and standards for stationary sources emitting hazardous substances. Further, it establishes procedures which allow states to set emission standards for existing sources in order to achieve national ambient air quality standards. The Act also permits the Administrator of EPA to register fuels and fuel additives and to regulate the use of motor vehicle fuels or fuel additives which pose a hazard to public health or welfare.National air quality standards for particulate matter have been established. Asbestos, mercury, and beryllium have been designated as hazardous air pollutants for which Federal emission standards have been proposed.


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