scholarly journals The dust load and radiative impact associated with the June 2020 historical Saharan dust storm

2021 ◽  
pp. 118808
Author(s):  
Diana Francis ◽  
Narendra Nelli ◽  
Ricardo Fonseca ◽  
Michael Weston ◽  
Cyrille Flamant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Dust Load

scholarly journals Retrieval of dust aerosols during night: improved assessment of long wave dust radiative forcing over Afro-Asian regions

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Deepshikha ◽  
J. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Dust Load

Abstract. Several investigators in the past have used the radiance depression (with respect to clear-sky infrared radiance), resulting from the presence of mineral dust aerosols in the atmosphere, as an index of dust aerosol load in the atmosphere during local noon. Here, we have used a modified approach to retrieve dust index during night since assessment of diurnal average infrared dust forcing essentially requires information on dust aerosols during night. For this purpose, we used infrared radiance (10.5–12.5 μm), acquired from the METEOSAT-5 satellite (~ 5 km resolution). We found that the "dust index" algorithm, valid for daytime, will no longer hold during the night because dust is then hotter than the theoretical dust-free reference. Hence we followed a "minimum reference" approach instead of a conventional "maximum reference" approach. A detailed analysis suggests that the maximum dust load occurs during the daytime. Over the desert regions of India and Africa, maximum change in dust load is as much as a factor of four between day and night and factor of two variations are commonly observed. By realizing the consequent impact on long wave dust forcing, sensitivity studies were carried out, which indicate that utilizing day time data for estimating the diurnally averaged long-wave dust radiative forcing results in significant errors (as much as 50 to 70%). Annually and regionally averaged long wave dust radiative forcing (which account for the diurnal variation of dust) at the top of the atmosphere over Afro-Asian region is 2.6 ± 1.8 W m−2, which is 30 to 50% lower than those reported earlier. Our studies indicate that neglecting diurnal variation of dust while assessing its radiative impact leads to an overestimation of dust radiative forcing, which in turn result in underestimation of the radiative impact of anthropogenic aerosols.

scholarly journals Aerosol radiative impact during the summer 2019 heatwave produced partly by an inter-continental Saharan dust outbreak – Part 1: Short-wave dust direct radiative effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 6455-6479
Author(s):  
Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero ◽  
Michaël Sicard ◽  
María-Ángeles López-Cayuela ◽  
Albert Ansmann ◽  
Adolfo Comerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Transport Path

Abstract. The short-wave (SW) direct radiative effect (DRE) during the summer 2019 heatwave produced partly by a moderate, long-lasting Saharan dust outbreak over Europe is analysed in this study. Two European sites (periods) are considered: Barcelona, Spain (23–30 June), and Leipzig, Germany (29 and 30 June), 1350 km apart from each other. Major data are obtained from AERONET and polarised Micro-Pulse Lidar (P-MPL) observations. Modelling is used to describe the different dust pathways, as observed at both sites. The coarse dust (Dc) and fine dust (Df) components (with total dust, DD = Dc + Df) are identified in the profiles of the total particle backscatter coefficient using the POLIPHON (POlarisation LIdar PHOtometer Networking) method in synergy with P-MPL measurements. This information is used to calculate the relative mass loading and the centre-of-mass height, as well as the contribution of each dust mode to the total dust DRE. Several aspects of the ageing of dust are put forward. The mean dust optical depth and its Df/DD ratios are, respectively, 0.153 and 24 % in Barcelona and 0.039 and 38 % in Leipzig; this Df increase in Leipzig is attributed to a longer dust transport path in comparison to Barcelona. The dust produced a cooling effect on the surface with a mean daily DRE of −9.1 and −2.5 W m−2, respectively, in Barcelona and Leipzig, but the Df/DD DRE ratio is larger for Leipzig (52 %) than for Barcelona (37 %). Cooling is also observed at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), although less intense than on the surface. However, the Df/DD DRE ratio at the TOA is even higher (45 % and 60 %, respectively, in Barcelona and Leipzig) than on the surface. Despite the predominance of Dc particles under dusty conditions, the SW radiative impact of Df particles can be comparable to, even higher than, that induced by the Dc ones. In particular, the Df/DD DRE ratio in Barcelona increases by +2.4 % d−1 (surface) and +2.9 % d−1 (TOA) during the dusty period. This study is completed by a second paper about the long-wave and net radiative effects. These results are especially relevant for the next ESA EarthCARE mission (planned in 2022) as it is devoted to aerosol–cloud–radiation interaction research.

Characterization and radiative impact of dust aerosols over northwestern part of India: a case study during a severe dust storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atinderpal Singh ◽  
Shani Tiwari ◽  
Deepti Sharma ◽  
Darshan Singh ◽  
Suresh Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Radiative Impact ◽  
Severe Dust Storm

scholarly journals Long-term daily monitoring of Saharan dust load over ocean using Meteosat ISCCP-B2 data: 2. Accuracy of the method and validation using Sun photometer measurements

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D14) ◽  
pp. 16959-16969 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moulin ◽  
F. Dulac ◽  
C. E. Lambert ◽  
P. Chazette ◽  
I. Jankowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Sun Photometer ◽  
Dust Load

scholarly journals The March 2009 Dust Event in Saudi Arabia: Precursor and Supportive Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Alharbi ◽  
A. Maghrabi ◽  
N. Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Jet Streak ◽  
Dust Load

A case study is presented of the environmental background for a massive Saudi Arabian dust storm event that took place on 10 and 11 March 2009. The dust storm was large enough to be clearly seen from outer space and caused a widespread heavy atmospheric dust load, very low visibility, total airport shutdown, and damage to vehicles and trees across northern and central parts of Saudi Arabia. The precursor and supportive environment for this dust storm outbreak are investigated, drawing upon routine synoptic data and satellite imagery. Analytical evidence is offered to suggest that this dust storm was triggered and sustained by a cold front passage coincident with the propagation of a preexisting intense upperlevel jet streak. The major plume of the 10 March 2009 dust storm originated from several rich dust source areas extending across two regions—the Qasim region and the Adibdibah and As-Summan Plateau region. The intensity and frequency of dust storms triggered from these active areas of dust emissions seem to be dominated by a response to the amount of precipitation during November and December.

scholarly journals Position correction in dust storm forecast using LOTOS-EUROS v2.1: grid distorted data assimilation v1.0

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbing Jin ◽  
Arjo Segers ◽  
Hai Xiang Lin ◽  
Bas Henzing ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Position Correction ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Dust Load ◽  
Distorted Data

Abstract. When calibrating simulations of dust clouds, both the intensity and the position are important. Intensity errors arise mainly from uncertain emission and sedimentation strengths, while position errors are attributed either to imperfect emission timing, or to uncertainties in the transport. Though many studies have been conducted on the calibration or correction of dust simulations, most of these focus on intensity solely, and leave the position errors mainly unchanged. In this paper, a grid distorted data assimilation, which consists of an imaging morphing method and an ensemble-based variational assimilation, is designed for re-aligning a simulated dust plume to correct the position error. This new developed grid distorted data assimilation has been applied to a dust storm event in May 2017 over East Asia. Results have been compared for three configurations: a traditional assimilation that focuses solely on intensity correction, a grid distorted data assimilation that focuses on position correction only, and the hybrid assimilation that combines these two. For the evaluated case, the position misfit in the simulations is shown to be dominant in the results. The traditional emission inversion improves only slightly the dust simulation, while the grid distorted data assimilation effectively improves the dust simulation and forecast. The hybrid assimilation that corrects both position and intensity of the dust load provides the best initial condition for forecast of dust concentrations.

scholarly journals Day by day evolution of a vigorous two wave Saharan dust storm – Thermal and air quality impacts

Atmósfera ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Dimitriou ◽  
◽  
Pavlos Kassomenos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Day By Day

scholarly journals Position correction in dust storm forecasting using LOTOS-EUROS v2.1: grid-distorted data assimilation v1.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 5607-5622
Author(s):  
Jianbing Jin ◽  
Arjo Segers ◽  
Hai Xiang Lin ◽  
Bas Henzing ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Dust Clouds ◽  
Position Correction ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Dust Load ◽  
Distorted Data

Abstract. When calibrating simulations of dust clouds, both the intensity and the position are important. Intensity errors arise mainly from uncertain emission and sedimentation strengths, while position errors are attributed either to imperfect emission timing or to uncertainties in the transport. Though many studies have been conducted on the calibration or correction of dust simulations, most of these focus on intensity solely and leave the position errors mainly unchanged. In this paper, a grid-distorted data assimilation, which consists of an image-morphing method and an ensemble-based variational assimilation, is designed for realigning a simulated dust plume to correct the position error. This newly developed grid-distorted data assimilation has been applied to a dust storm event in May 2017 over East Asia. Results have been compared for three configurations: a traditional assimilation configuration that focuses solely on intensity correction, a grid-distorted data assimilation that focuses on position correction only and the hybrid assimilation that combines these two. For the evaluated case, the position misfit in the simulations is shown to be dominant in the results. The traditional emission inversion only slightly improves the dust simulation, while the grid-distorted data assimilation effectively improves the dust simulation and forecasting. The hybrid assimilation that corrects both position and intensity of the dust load provides the best initial condition for forecasting of dust concentrations.

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