scholarly journals Stem Cells for Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions - Orthopaedic/Sports Medicine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1866 (4) ◽  
pp. 165624
Author(s):  
Mimi Zumwalt ◽  
Arubala P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions

Tendon Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Repair of Injured Tendons

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Tendon Stem Cells ◽  
Differential Properties

Tendon injuries, including acute tendon injuries and tendinopathy, are common in both occupational and athletic settings. However, current treatments for tendon injury are largely ineffective, as they cannot restore normal structure and function to injured tendons. This challenge mainly stems from our incomplete understanding of tendon cell properties and responses to biomechanical and biochemical environments surrounding the cells. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made on two fronts. First, tendon stem cells (TSCs) have been recently identified. The tendon-specific stem cells can self-renew and posses multi-differentiation potential and as such, may be used to repair injured tendons more effectively. Second, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has now been widely used in orthopaedics and sports medicine to treat injured tendons. In this presentation, I will present data on TSCs, in terms of their differential properties with respect to tenocytes and their differential mechano-responses when subjected to small and large mechanical loading conditions. I will also discuss the basic scientific studies on PRP regarding its effects on TSCs, particularly on their differentiation, which is a critical issue related to the safety and efficacy of PRP treatment in clinics (Fig. 1).

The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alexander McIntyre ◽  
Ian A. Jones ◽  
Alla Danilkovich ◽  
C. Thomas Vangsness
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Placental Cells

Background: Placenta has a long history of use for treating burns and wounds. It is a rich source of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, tissue reparative growth factors, and stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent data show its therapeutic potential for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Purpose: To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an anatomic description of the placenta, to characterize its cellular composition, and to review the literature reporting the use of placenta-derived cells and placental tissue allografts for orthopaedic sports medicine indications in animal models and in humans. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Using a total of 63 keyword combinations, the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles describing the use of placental cells and/or tissue for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Information was collected on placental tissue type, indications, animal model, study design, treatment regimen, safety, and efficacy outcomes. Results were categorized by indication and subcategorized by animal model. Results: Outcomes for 29 animal studies and 6 human studies reporting the use of placenta-derived therapeutics were generally positive; however, the placental tissue source, clinical indication, and administration route were highly variable across these studies. Fourteen animal studies described the use of placental tissue for tendon injuries, 13 studies for osteoarthritis or articular cartilage injuries, 3 for ligament injuries, and 1 for synovitis. Both placenta-derived culture-expanded cells (epithelial cells or MSCs) and placental tissue allografts were used in animal studies. In all human studies, commercial placental allografts were used. Five of 6 human studies examined the treatment of foot and ankle pathological conditions, and 1 studied the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: A review of the small number of reported studies revealed a high degree of variability in placental cell types, placental tissue preparation, routes of administration, and treatment regimens, which prohibits making any definitive conclusions. Currently, the clinical use of placenta is limited to only commercial placental tissue allografts, as there are no placenta-derived biological drugs approved for the treatment of orthopaedic sports medicine conditions in the United States. However, this review shows that the application of placental cells or tissue allografts appears to be safe and has potential to improve outcomes for orthopaedic sports medicine indications.

The Role of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaCalus V. Hogan ◽  
Garth N. Walker ◽  
Liang Richard Cui ◽  
Freddie H. Fu ◽  
Johnny Huard
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Identification and Distinction of Tenocytes and Tendon-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuange Li ◽  
Tianyi Wu ◽  
Shen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
And Function

Restoring the normal structure and function of injured tendons is one of the biggest challenges in orthopedics and sports medicine department. The discovery of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) provides a novel perspective to treat tendon injuries, which is expected to be an ideal seed cell to promote tendon repair and regeneration. Because of the lack of specific markers, the identification of tenocytes and TDSCs has not been conclusive in the in vitro study of tendons. In addition, the morphology of tendon derived cells is similar, and the comparison and identification of tenocytes and TDSCs are insufficient, which causes some obstacles to the in vitro study of tendon. In this review, the characteristics of tenocytes and TDSCs are summarized and compared based on some existing research results (mainly in terms of biomarkers), and a potential marker selection for identification is suggested. It is of profound significance to further explore the mechanism of biomarkers in vivo and to find more specific markers.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Study of Sports Chiropractors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Nelson ◽  
Henry Pollard ◽  
Rick Ames ◽  
Brett Jarosz ◽  
Pete Garbutt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽  
Olympic Athletes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Postgraduate Qualification ◽  
Multimodal Care ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medicine Team

Abstract BACKGROUND:This paper describes the education and case management profile of sports chiropractors with the Federation of International Sports Chiropractors (FICS) postgraduate qualification: International chiropractic sport science practitioner (ICSSP). The ICSSP is the predominant international sports chiropractic qualification.METHODS:A 39-item web-based survey examining practitioner, practice and clinical management characteristics was distributed via email to all sports chiropractors who hold an ICSSP (n = 240) in 2015. RESULTS:The survey response rate was 64% (n = 154). The average age of the chiropractors was 31-40 years, just over three quarters were male and have been in practice for 5-10 years. The majority of respondents were based in North America.Sports chiropractors treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions with multimodal care (active and passive) and treat professional, semi-professional and Olympic athletes. Sports chiropractors have referral and co-management relationships with a range of conventional and allied health providers.CONCLUSIONS: There is often a lack of knowledge and misinformation about the background of sports chiropractors. This study refutes a number of commonly held misbeliefs, and describes a workforce that is well educated, treat high-level athletes, utilise a multimodal approach to management, treat a wide variety of non-spinal musculoskeletal conditions, frequently prescribe rehabilitative exercise, and refer to and co-manage with other members of the sports medicine team.Trial registration: This study was approved by the RMIT University, SEH College Human Ethics Advisory Network (ASEHAPP 52-14 AMES)

scholarly journals Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Claude T Moorman ◽  
Kwadwo A Owusu-Akyaw ◽  
Jonathan Godin ◽  
Stefano Pecchia ◽  
Alexander Oldweiler
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Arthroscopic Surgery ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Graft Harvest ◽  
Multipotent Cells

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with potential reparative properties for connective tissues, such as articular cartilage. The Lipogems adipose graft harvest system is a relatively novel technique for harvesting adipose-derived MSCs and may be utilized in conjunction with various orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Owusu-Akyaw KA, Godin J, Pecchia S, Oldweiler A, Moorman CT. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Arthroscopic Surgery. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):34-38.

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