A influência da concepção crítco-libertadora sobre o direito à EJA: paradigmas em disputas

O artigo objetiva evidenciar a influência da concepção crítico-libertadora e seus fundamentos sobre o direito à EJA, é observada na ação política da Educação Popular, tratada como um paradigma educacional, reconhecido como um conjunto, de ideias e propostas, que disputam um formato de direito à EJA. O estudo está fundamentado em dois autores de espectro critico: Freire (1986, 2006, 2010) por meio das categorias “politicidade”, “ser mais”, “conscientização” e em Dussel (2007) na abordagem da “ética humana”. A pesquisa filia-se a uma investigação qualitativa, estruturada em um estudo de caráter bibliográfico e de documentos que permite evidenciar as categorias citadas e compreendê-las numa experiência. Os resultados da pesquisa levaram a concluir que o direito à EJA pode ser influenciado pela concepção critico-libertadora, a qual se concretiza em paradigmas educacionais, os quais marcam um compromisso do Estado com o direito à educação, sob a ética humana que demanda respeito as especificidades, diversidades dos sujeitos jovens e adultos da EJA.Palavras-chave: Concepção crítico-libertadora; Direito à EJA; Paradigmas orientadores.The influence of the critical-liberating conception on the right to EJA: paradigms in disputesABSTRACTThe article aims to show the influence of the critical-liberating concept and its foundations on the right to EJA, it is observed in the political action of Popular Education, treated as an educational paradigm, recognized as a set of ideas and proposals that dispute a format of right to EJA. The study is based on two authors of critical spectrum: Freire (1986; 2006; 2010) through the categories “politicity”, “being more”, “awareness” and on Dussel (2007) in the approach of “human ethics”. The research is affiliated to a qualitative investigation, structured in a bibliographic and document study that allows to highlight the mentioned categories and understand them in an experience. The research results led to the conclusion that the right to EJA can be influenced by the critical-liberating conception, which is materialized in educational paradigms, which mark a commitment of the State with the right to education, under the human ethics that demand respect for specificities, diversities of young and adult subjects of EJA.Keywords: Critical-liberating conception; Right to EJA; Guiding paradigms.La influencia de la concepción crítico-liberadora sobre el derecho al EJA: paradigmas en las disputasRESUMENEl artículo pretende mostrar la influencia del concepto crítico-liberador y sus fundamentos sobre el derecho a la EJA, se observa en la acción política de la Educación Popular, tratada como paradigma educativo, reconocida como un conjunto de ideas y propuestas que disputan una formato de derecho a EJA. El estudio se basa en dos autores de espectro crítico: Freire (1986; 2006; 2010) a través de las categorías “politicidad”, “ser más”, “conciencia” y en Dussel (2007) en el enfoque de la “ética humana”. La investigación está adscrita a una investigación cualitativa, estructurada en un estudio bibliográfico y documental que permite resaltar las categorías mencionadas y comprenderlas en una experiencia. Los resultados de la investigación llevaron a la conclusión de que el derecho a la EJA puede verse influido por la concepción crítico-liberadora, que se materializa en paradigmas educativos, que marcan un compromiso del Estado con el derecho a la educación, bajo la ética humana que exige el respeto a la educación. especificidades, diversidades de sujetos jóvenes y adultos de EJA. Palabras clave: Concepción crítico-liberadora; Derecho a EJA; Paradigmas rectores.

The ethics of facing the Other in suicide

Despite a plethora of existing literature on the topic of suicide, very little attention has been given to research ethics in practice in research on suicide. When suicide research does pay attention to the ethical issues researchers are likely to face, the focus is on the roles institutional human ethics review committees fulfil to ensure ethical conduct in all stages of research. In response to this problem, this article focuses on the philosophical relationship between qualitative methodology and research ethics in the context of researching queer youth suicide. In so doing, I draw on my experiences of interviewing gender-and sexually diverse young people about their familiarity with suicide. These experiences are based on a qualitative pilot study I conducted on queer youth suicide, which used the unstructured interview technique to collect data. Drawing on the works of Emmanuel Levinas and Judith Butler, I examine what it means to face the alterity of the suicidal ‘Other’, and what this facing entails in terms of research ethics as relational. I argue that facing reveals not only myself as more vulnerable than I anticipated, but also the suicidal ‘Other’ as agentic instead of only vulnerable and at-risk of suicide.

Assessing Generalisability of Deep Learning Models Trained on Standardised and Non-Standardised Images and their Performance against Tele-dermatologists (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) which show promise as a diagnostic aid for skin cancer. However, the majority are trained using retrospective image datasets of varying quality and image capture standardisation. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to use CNN models with the same architecture, but different training image sets, and test variability in performance when classifying skin cancer images in different populations, acquired with different devices. Additionally, we wanted to assess the performance of the models against Danish tele-dermatologists, when tested on images acquired from Denmark. METHODS Three CNNs with the same architecture were trained. CNN-NS was trained on 25,331 non- standardised images taken from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration using different image capture devices. CNN-S was trained on 235,268 standardised images and CNN-S2 was trained on 25,331 standardised images (matched for number and classes of training images to CNN-NS). Both standardised datasets (CNN-S and CNN-S2) were provided by Molemap using the same image capture device. 495 Danish patients with 569 images of skin lesions predominantly involving Fitzpatrick's skin types II and III were used to test the performance of the models. 4 tele-dermatologists independently diagnosed and assessed the images taken of the lesions. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). RESULTS 569 images were taken from 495 patients (280 women [57%], 215 men [43%]; mean age 55 years [17 SD]) for this study. On these images, CNN-S achieved an AUROC of 0.861 (CI 0.830 – 0.889; P=.001) and CNN-S2 achieved an AUROC of 0.831 (CI 0.798 – 0.861; P=.009), with both outperforming CNN-NS, which achieved an AUROC of 0.759 (CI 0.722 – 0.794; P=.001, P=.009) (Figure 1). When the CNNs were matched to the mean sensitivity and specificity of the tele-dermatologists, the model’s resultant sensitivities and specificities were surpassed by the tele-dermatologists (Table 1). However, when compared to CNN-S, the differences were not statistically significant (P=.10, P=.053). Performance across all CNN models as well as tele- dermatologists was influenced by image quality. CONCLUSIONS CNNs trained on standardised images had improved performance and therefore greater generalisability in skin cancer classification when applied to an unseen dataset. This is an important consideration for future algorithm development, regulation and approval. Further, when tested on these unseen test images, the tele-dermatologists ‘clinically’ outperformed all the CNN models; however, the difference was deemed to be statistically insignificant when compared to CNN-S. CLINICALTRIAL This retrospective diagnostic comparative study was approved by the Monash University Human Ethics Committee, Melbourne, Australia (Project ID: 28130).

Kristen dan Teknologi: Etika, Literasi dan Ciptaan

With ethical awareness, literacy abilities, and awareness as God's intelligent creatures, Christians in various dynamics of life must continue to show a human ethics and spirituality, especially in the context of Christian ethics and spirituality. The Christians are able to use the results of the development of science and technology in digital systems. Although, learning, supervision and self-control as God's people are things that are constantly attached to it. With the advance and increasing number of scientific and technological discoveries in various forms, Christians are challenged to publicize themselves and their discipleship calls in the context of digital technology with various media. Christianity and technology become important topics of study that can be included in the umbrella of the great scientific knowledge of theology and science which have been under-attention in certain denominations. Christianity and technology as an academic discourse in lecture classes will be very applicable in the broad life of students and the Christian community in the future, especially by including the ethics, literacy, and creation as sub-topics in it. This discussion has become very important in the age of technology so that understanding and behavior of how Christians should place themselves in the midst of new challenges in the real new age is now being managed with adulthood. ==== Dengan kesadaran beretika, kemampuan literasi, dan kesadaran sebagai makhluk ciptaan Tuhan yang cerdas maka umat Kristiani dalam berbagai dinamika hidup mesti tetap memperlihatkan sebuah etika dan spiritualitas manusia, terutama dalam konteks etika dan spiritualitas Kristiani. Umat Kristen terbilang mampu menggunakan hasil perkembangan sains dan teknologi dalam sistem digital. Meskipun pembelajaran, pengawasan dan penguasaan diri sebagai umat Tuhan merupakan hal-hal yang terus-menerus melekat di dalamnya. Majunya dan semakin banyaknya temuan sains dan teknologi dalam berbagai bentuk, membuat umat Kristiani ditantang untuk mempublikasikan diri dan panggilan pemuridannya dalam konteks berteknologi digital dengan berbagai media. Kristen dan teknologi penting menjadi satu pokok bahasan kajian yang bisa dimasukkan ke dalam payung keilmuan besar teologi dan sains yang selama kurang diperhatikan dalam denominasi tertentu. Kristen dan teknologi sebagai satu diskursus akademik di dalam kelas-kelas perkuliahan akan menjadi sangat aplikatif dalam kehidupan luas mahasiswa dan masyarakat Kristiani di kemudian hari apalagi dengan menyertakan sisi etika, literasi, dan ciptaan sebagai sub-sub bahasan di dalamnya. Pembahasan ini menjadi amat penting di zaman teknologi agar pemahaman dan perilaku bagaimana seharusnya umat Kristiani menempatkan dirinya di tengah-tengah tantangan baru di zaman baru yang nyata sekarang ini menjadi terkelola dengan dewasa.

Consider the woodpecker: The contested more-than-human ethics of biomimetic technology and traumatic brain injury

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, is a neurodegenerative disease caused by traumatic brain injury and most frequently associated with contact sports such as American Football. Perhaps surprisingly, the woodpecker – an animal apparently immune to the effects of head impacts – has increasingly figured into debates surrounding CTE. On the one hand, the woodpecker is described as being contra-human and used to underscore the radical inappropriateness of humans playing football. On the other, there have been attempts to mitigate against the risk of CTE through the creation of biomimetic technologies inspired by woodpeckers. In this article I examine the highly politicized encounters between humans and woodpeckers and discuss how the politics of re-/dis-/en-tanglement during these interspecies relations is rendered meaningful. I show here, first, that those who seek to keep the human and the woodpecker apart envisage social overhaul while biomimetic technologies are put to work for the status quo. Second, I stress that different forms of entanglement have diverse sociopolitical consequences. I conclude by suggesting that the case of the woodpecker troubles a strand of contemporary scholarship in Science and Technology Studies that argues that biotechnologies are inherently transformatory and that foregrounding entanglement and interspecies relations is ethically generative. Instead, a discursive separation of nature and culture may be innovative.

A prospective longitudinal study of medication errors in private hospital of metropolitan city of Gujarat

To identify occurrence rate and to suggest management strategies for medication errors in a multi-speciality private hospital of metropolitan city of Gujarat. A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted in surgery and medicine ward of the hospital, during 15th July’2014 to 15th Jan’2015 after approval from human ethics committee. Medication errors (MEs) were categorized as prescription error (PE) and administration error (AE). The case records and treatment charts were reviewed and root causes were identified. The investigator also accompanied the staff nurse during the ward rounds and interviewed patients or care taker to gather information, if necessary. A total of 230 geriatric patients (81 in Medical and 149 in surgical ward) were included. Total 23 (10.5%) in medicine and 82(37.43%) in surgical wards MEs were reported. Greater number of MEs were found in female patients 68(64.76%) as compared to male 37(35.24%). The most common ME was PEs 98 (93.33%) followed by AEs 7 (6.67%). On second day of stay higher 99(68.28%) number of MEs were found. Incomplete patient information and miscommunication were common cause of PE. Moreover, lack of communication and requisition errors was common to AEs. A high occurrence rate (45.65%) of MEs was observed with no serious outcome. The root causes of errors were identified and training was provided to minimized errors in future.

Cyborg ethics and regulation: ethical issues of human enhancement

Contemporary technological developments undermine the core pillars defining the human self, under the emergence of cyborgs and super-empowered individuals. The pre-determined boundaries between humans and machines may turn obsolete with the consolidation of the new hybrid humanity. This may foster an innovative approach to the traditional understanding of human ethics and the establishment of cyborg norms and regulations. In this article, the primordial nexus between cyborg ethics and the eugenics movement is further analyzed, hence as enhancing catalysators of mankind. Moreover, the article raises an ethical decision-making diagram, in which the normative cyborgs debate is framed in terms of positive and negative eugenic regimes. This analysis aims at providing a clearer understanding of cyborg-related ethical decision-making and the ways it magnifies eugenic features. As technological components become an inherent part of the human body, the international community should adhere to reshaping the notion of cyborg ethics and its ethical and regulatory implications.

Inference of Mulla Sadra's Ethical Views in the Four Realms of Meta-Ethics

Meta-ethics is an important and fundamental part of ethical philosophy. Normative ethics discusses the ethical criterion and definition of happiness and obligation; but Meta-ethics deals with its background. In other words, it puts ethical propositions into philosophical questions in terms of meaning, cognition, and truth. In the intellectual system of transcendent wisdom, metaphysical issues and sheer philosophy are studied in order to help human beings to develop and transcend. In fact, human ethics and transcendence along with theology are two main goals of transcendent wisdom. In this regard, it is important to understand Mulla Sadra's views on meta-ethics as well as to discover and deduce it among Mulla Sadra's philosophical views. While defining meta-ethics, explaining its domains and asking main questions about each of these domains, the method of comparative study is used in this paper in order to provide the most appropriate and consistent possible answers to questions in the realm of meta-ethics - based on Mulla Sadra's views on the originality of existence Substantial motion and Union of Intelligent and Intelligible and so on.

Effects of flexi-bar training on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with dynapenia: the protocol of a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionDynapenia is a new term that is used to describe the age-related loss of muscle strength. Flexi-bar training is a safe and feasible device for older people with dynapenia. This study will investigate the effects of a 12-week flexi-bar training programme on muscle strength and physical function in older people with dynapenia.Methods and analysisA total of 114 participants (aged more than 65 years) with age-related muscle loss will participate in a 12-week flexi-bar training programme. The participants will be randomly divided into three groups, namely, flexi-bar, placebo and control, with equal number of participants in each group. The assessments will be conducted at preintervention, postintervention and 12 weeks after training completion. The primary outcome is timed-up-and-go test. The secondary outcomes are five-repetition sit-to-stand test, 10-metre walking test, handgrip strength, as well as the serum albumin and haemoglobin levels.Ethics and disseminationThe procedures of this study were reviewed and approved by the Human Ethics Review Board of Wuhan Brain Hospital (General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping) on 29 September 2020 (#L20200013). The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. The trial was registered on 6 November 2020.Trial registration numberISRCTN14316668.

The development of nurses’ foundational values

Background: In the ever-changing and complex healthcare environment, nurses encounter challenging situations that may involve a clash between their personal and professional values resulting in a profound impact on their practice. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of literature on how nurses develop their personal–professional values. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand how nurses develop their foundational values as the base for their value system. Research design: A constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed to collect multiple data sets, including face-to-face focus group and individual interviews, along with anecdote and reflective stories. Participants and research context: Fifty-four nurses working across various nursing settings in Indonesia were recruited to participate. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was obtained from the Monash University Human Ethics Committee, project approval number 1553. Findings: Foundational values acquisition was achieved through family upbringing, professional nurse education and organisational/institutional values reinforcement. These values are framed through three reference points: religious lens, humanity perspective and professionalism. This framing results in a unique combination of personal–professional values that comprise nurses’ values system. Values are transferred to other nurses either in a formal or informal way as part of one’s professional responsibility and customary social interaction via telling and sharing in person or through social media. Discussion: Values and ethics are inherently interweaved during nursing practice. Ethical and moral values are part of professional training, but other values are often buried in a hidden curriculum, and attained and activated through interactions during nurses’ training. Conclusion: Developing a value system is a complex undertaking that involves basic social processes of attaining, enacting and socialising values. These processes encompass several intertwined entities such as the sources of values, the pool of foundational values, value perspectives and framings, initial value structures, and methods of value transference.