Gestational low protein diet selectively induces the amino acid response pathway target genes in the liver of offspring rats through transcription factor binding and histone modifications

2011 ◽  
Vol 1809 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Response

scholarly journals A Low-Protein Diet during Gestation in Rats Activates the Placental Mammalian Amino Acid Response Pathway and Programs the Growth Capacity of Offspring

2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2116-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita S. Strakovsky ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Response

Abstract Placental efficiency is a predictor of fetal growth and development, which is also controlled by maternal gestational health and diet. The present study investigated the effects of a gestational low-protein diet on offspring growth capacity as well as the diet's contribution to altered expression of placental genes associated with the mammalian amino acid response (AAR) pathway. To assess these outcomes, timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control (C) diet with 18% protein or a low-protein (LP) diet with 9% protein throughout gestation (Expt. 1) or throughout gestation and lactation (Expt. 2). Placentas were collected during natural delivery and quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot analyses were performed to determine placental mRNA and protein levels. By the end of the lactation period, offspring of dams fed the LP diet had stunted growth in both experiments. mRNA expression of target genes in the AAR pathway, such as activating transcription factor-3 (Atf3), asparagine synthetase (Asns), and Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter-2 (Snat2), was greater in placentas of rats fed the LP diet compared with controls, as were placental ATF4 and p-eIF2α protein levels. The increase in mRNA expression of AAR pathway-associated genes was correlated with the stunting of offspring growth (Atf3: R2 = 0.32, P = 0.086; Asns: R2 = 0.44, P < 0.05; Snat2:R2 = 0.33, P = 0.084). Our study showed that the mammalian AAR pathway in placenta is upregulated by a maternal low-protein diet and this activation may act as a cue for the fetus to develop an adaptive response suited to their predicted postnatal environment, i.e. a more favorable phenotype for their survival.

scholarly journals The relative effects of a low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet on the free amino acid composition of liver and muscle

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
P. G. Lunn ◽  
R. G. Whitehead ◽  
B. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Low Protein

1. Free amino acid concentrations in the plasma have been compared with those in liver and quadriceps muscle, in rats fed on diets containing 209 (control) and 31 (low-protein) g protein/kg. The effects of the low-protein diet on diurnal variations in these values were also measured.2. In the plasma, the total amino acid concentration was significantly lower in animals given the low-protein diet, at all times of day except 12.00 hours. In the liver, and to a lesser extent the muscle, total amino acid concentration was maintained.3. In the control animals, diurnal variation in the concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids was very similar in plasma, liver and muscle. In animals given the low-protein diet, although the same diurnal pattern was maintained for non-essential amino acids, that occurring among the essential amino acids had virtually disappeared.4. In plasma, the mean 24 h concentration of essential amino acids decreased from 24· mmol/l in control animals to only 1·29 mmol/l in the low-protein-fed animals. Concentrations in muscle and liver were reduced by a similar proportion (from 8·6 to 5·56 μmol/g and from 8·67 to 5·05 μmol/g respectively). Conversely the concentrations of non-essential amino acids in animals given the low-protein diet were increased in plasma (from 1·53 to 2·00 mmol/l), muscle (from 12·5 to 14·3 μmol/g), and liver (from 16·8 to 20·5 μmol/g), muscle showing the lowest increase.5. With the exceptions of lysine, threonine, cystine and tyrosine, the concentrations of all other essential amino acids were reduced more in liver than in muscle. The relationship between this and the failure to maintain plasma albumin concentrations is discussed.

scholarly journals Serum metabolites associated with dietary protein intake: results from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Zihe Zheng ◽  
Morgan E Grams ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Mark J Sarnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
P 16

ABSTRACT Background Accurate assessment of dietary intake is essential, but self-report of dietary intake is prone to measurement error and bias. Discovering metabolic consequences of diets with lower compared with higher protein intake could elucidate new, objective biomarkers of protein intake. Objectives The goal of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with dietary protein intake. Methods Metabolites were measured with the use of untargeted, reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantification in serum specimens collected at the 12-mo follow-up visit in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study from 482 participants in study A (glomerular filtration rate: 25–55 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) and 192 participants in study B (glomerular filtration rate: 13–24 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2). We used multivariable linear regression to test for differences in log-transformed metabolites (outcome) according to randomly assigned dietary protein intervention groups (exposure). Statistical significance was assessed at the Bonferroni-corrected threshold: 0.05/1193 = 4.2 × 10−5. Results In study A, 130 metabolites (83 known from 28 distinct pathways, including 7 amino acid pathways; 47 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the low-protein diet compared with the moderate-protein diet. In study B, 32 metabolites (22 known from 8 distinct pathways, including 4 amino acid pathways; 10 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the very-low-protein diet compared with the low-protein diet. A total of 11 known metabolites were significantly associated with protein intake in the same direction in both studies A and B: 3-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, xanthurenate, isovalerylcarnitine, creatine, kynurenate, 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-16:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-18:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (P-16:0/20:4), sulfate, and γ-glutamylalanine. Conclusions Among patients with chronic kidney disease, an untargeted serum metabolomics platform identified multiple pathways and metabolites associated with dietary protein intake. Further research is necessary to characterize unknown compounds and to examine these metabolites in association with dietary protein intake among individuals without kidney disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202914.

Plasma Insulin and Amino Acid Concentrations in Rats Given an Adequate or Low Protein Diet

1973 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Young ◽  
Gaston Vilaire ◽  
Paul M. Newberne ◽  
Robert B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

scholarly journals The regulation of protein synthesis in the liver of rats. Mechanisms of dietary amino acid control in the immature animal

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wannemacher ◽  
W. K. Cooper ◽  
M. B. Yatvin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna

Weanling (23-day-old) rats were fed either on an amino acid-deficient diet (6% of casein, which in effect represents an ‘amino acid-deficient’ diet) or on a diet containing an adequate amount of protein (18% of casein) for 28 days. The hepatic cells from the animals fed on the low-protein diet were characterized by low amino acid content, almost complete inhibition of cell proliferation and a marked decrease in cell volume, protein content and concentration of cytoplasmic RNA compared with cells from control rats. The lower concentration of cytoplasmic RNA was correlated with a decreased ribosomal-RNA content, of which a larger proportion was in the form of free ribosomes. The protein-synthetic competence and messenger-RNA content of isolated ribosomes from liver cells of protein-deprived animals were 40–50% of those noted in controls. At 1hr. after an injection of radioactive uridine, the specific radioactivity of liver total RNA was greater in the group fed on the low-protein diet, but the amount of label that was associated with cytoplasmic RNA or ribosomes was significantly less than that noted in control animals. From these data it was concluded that dietary amino acids regulate hepatic protein synthesis (1) by affecting the ability of polyribosomes to synthesize protein and (2) by influencing the concentration of cytoplasmic ribosomes. It is also tentatively hypothesized that the former process may be directly related to the concentration of cellular free amino acids, whereas the latter could be correlated with the ability of newly synthesized ribosomal sub-units to leave the nucleus.

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