The role of AhR in transcriptional regulation of immune cell development and function

In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of different classes of non-coding RNAs for islet and β-cell development, maturation and function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a prominent class of small RNAs, have been investigated for more than two decades and patterns of the roles of different miRNAs in pancreatic fetal development, islet and β-cell maturation and function are now emerging. Specific miRNAs are dynamically regulated throughout the period of pancreas development, during islet and β-cell differentiation as well as in the perinatal period, where a burst of β-cell replication takes place. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in islet and β-cells is less investigated than for miRNAs, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. The advent of ultra-deep RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of highly islet- or β-cell-selective lncRNA transcripts expressed at low levels. Their roles in islet cells are currently only characterized for a few of these lncRNAs, and these are often associated with β-cell super-enhancers and regulate neighboring gene activity. Moreover, ncRNAs present in imprinted regions are involved in pancreas development and β-cell function. Altogether, these observations support significant and important actions of ncRNAs in β-cell development and function.

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Nonneuronal Cholinergic System in Breast Tumors and Dendritic Cells: Does It Improve or Worsen the Response to Tumor?

ISRN Cell Biology ◽

10.1155/2013/486545 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Marisa Vulcano ◽

María Gabriela Lombardi ◽

María Elena Sales

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Cholinergic System ◽

Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Breast Tumors ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

And Migration ◽

And Function

Besides being the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system, acetylcholine (ACh) can act as a signaling molecule in nonneuronal tissues. For this reason, ACh and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade it (choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase) as well as muscarinic (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors conform the non-neuronal cholinergic system (nNCS). It has been reported that nNCS regulates basal cellular functions including survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Moreover, nNCS is broadly expressed in tumors and in different components of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the role of nNCS in tumors and in different immune cell types focusing on the expression and function of mAChRs in breast tumors and dendritic cells (DCs) and discussing the role of DCs in breast cancer.

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Role of Shc in T-cell development and function

Immunological Reviews ◽

10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00025.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 191 (1) ◽

pp. 183-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Li Zhang ◽

Ulrike Lorenz ◽

Kodi S. Ravichandran

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Development ◽

Cell Development ◽

And Function

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Long Noncoding RNA in Myeloid and Lymphoid Cell Differentiation, Polarization and Function

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9020269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Imran Ahmad ◽

Araceli Valverde ◽

Fayek Ahmad ◽

Afsar Raza Naqvi

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Long Noncoding Rna ◽

Noncoding Rna ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Specific Expression ◽

And Function

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that are increasingly being associated with various cellular functions and diseases. Yet, despite their ubiquity and abundance, only a minute fraction of these molecules has an assigned function. LncRNAs show tissue-, cell-, and developmental stage-specific expression, and are differentially expressed under physiological or pathological conditions. The role of lncRNAs in the lineage commitment of immune cells and shaping immune responses is becoming evident. Myeloid cells and lymphoid cells are two major classes of immune systems that work in concert to initiate and amplify innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates. In this review, we provide mechanistic roles of lncRNA through which these noncoding RNAs can directly participate in the differentiation, polarization, and activation of myeloid (monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cells) and lymphoid cells (T cells, B cells, and NK cells). While our knowledge on the role of lncRNA in immune cell differentiation and function has improved in the past decade, further studies are required to unravel the biological role of lncRNAs and identify novel mechanisms of lncRNA functions in immune cells. Harnessing the regulatory potential of lncRNAs can provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in treating immune cell related diseases.

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