scholarly journals Lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, induces sleep and fever and suppresses feeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Szentirmai ◽  
Ashley R. Massie ◽  
Levente Kapás
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals L-Ficolin Specifically Binds to Lipoteichoic Acid, a Cell Wall Constituent of Gram-Positive Bacteria, and Activates the Lectin Pathway of Complement

2004 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Lynch ◽  
Silke Roscher ◽  
Thomas Hartung ◽  
Siegfried Morath ◽  
Misao Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cell Wall Constituent ◽  
A Cell

Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid on Proliferation and Differentiation of Keratinocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yabe ◽  
Cheng-Chun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Transglutaminase Activity ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Envelopes

Bacterial infection is always found to be associated with cholesteatoma. Accumulation of keratin debris is one of the crucial factors for the growth of cholesteatoma. The effects of lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes were studied. Various concentrations of lipoteichoic acid (0 to 100 μg/ml) were added to keratinocytes. DNA synthesis and protein synthesis were inhibited by decreasing the incorporation of 3H-thymldine and 3H-leucine into keratinocytes. The effects of lipoteichoic acid on terminal differentiation were then studied by measuring the number of sodium dodecyi sulfate-Insoluble cornlfied cell envelopes and the transglutaminase activity (a marker of terminal differentiation) determined by incorporation of 3H-putrescine into cornifled envelopes. These studies showed that lipoteichoic acid stimulated the formation of cornifled cell envelopes and transglutaminase activity. These findings suggest that lipoteichoic acid stimulated the terminal differentiation and accumulation of keratin debris and that lipoteichoic acid might have stimulatory effects on the development of cholesteatoma.

scholarly journals Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Tominari ◽  
Ayumi Sanada ◽  
Ryota Ichimaru ◽  
Chiho Matsumoto ◽  
Michiko Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

scholarly journals Methods for Confirming the Gram Reaction of Gram-variable Bacillus Species Isolated from Tobacco

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A Morin ◽  
N Poirier ◽  
S Vallee ◽  
A Porter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractBacillusis a predominant genus of bacteria isolated from tobacco. The Gram stain is the most commonly used and most important of all diagnostic staining techniques in microbiology. In order to help confirm the Gram positivity ofBacillusisolates from tobacco, three methods using the chemical differences of the cell wall and membrane of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated: the KOH (potassium hydroxide), the LANA (L-alanine-4-nitroanilide), and the vancomycin susceptibility tests. When colonies of Gram-negative bacteria are treated with 3% KOH solution, a slimy suspension is produced, probably due to destruction of the cell wall and liberation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Gram-positive cell walls resist KOH treatment. The LANA test reveals the presence of a cell wall aminopeptidase that hydrolyzes the L-alanine-4-nitroanilide in Gram-negative bacteria. This enzyme is absent in Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic inhibiting the cell wall peptido-glycan synthesis of Gram-positive microorganisms. Absence of lysis with KOH, absence of hydrolysis of LANA, and susceptibility to vancomycin were used with the Gram reaction to confirm the Gram positivity of variousBacillusspecies isolated from tobacco.B. laevolacticusexcepted, all Bacillus species tested showed negative reactions to KOH and LANA tests, and all species were susceptible to vancomycin (5 and 30 µg).

scholarly journals Characteristics of Surfactant Protein A and D Binding to Lipoteichoic Acid and Peptidoglycan, 2 Major Cell Wall Components of Gram‐Positive Bacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koenraad van de Wetering ◽  
Martin van Eijk ◽  
Lambert M. G. van Golde ◽  
Thomas Hartung ◽  
Jos A. G. van Strijp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Surfactant Protein A ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wall Components

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of the Mannopeptimycins, a Novel Class of Glycopeptide Antibiotics Active against Vancomycin-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Ruzin ◽  
Guy Singh ◽  
Anatoly Severin ◽  
Youjun Yang ◽  
Russell G. Dushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lipid Ii ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT The naturally occurring mannopeptimycins (formerly AC98-1 through AC98-5) are a novel class of glycopeptide antibiotics that are active against a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria. The structures of the mannopeptimycins suggested that they might act by targeting cell wall biosynthesis, similar to other known glycopeptide antibiotics; but the fact that the mannopeptimycins retain activity against vancomycin-resistant organisms suggested that they might have a unique mode of action. By using a radioactive mannopeptimycin derivative bearing a photoactivation ligand, it was shown that mannopeptimycins interact with the membrane-bound cell wall precursor lipid II [C55-MurNAc-(peptide)-GlcNAc] and that this interaction is different from the binding of other lipid II-binding antibiotics such as vancomycin and mersacidin. The antimicrobial activities of several mannopeptimycin derivatives correlated with their affinities toward lipid II, suggesting that the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis was primarily through lipid II binding. In addition, it was shown that mannopeptimycins bind to lipoteichoic acid in a rather nonspecific interaction, which might facilitate the accumulation of antibiotic on the bacterial cell surface.

scholarly journals The Cell Wall Polymer Lipoteichoic Acid Becomes Nonessential inStaphylococcus aureusCells Lacking the ClpX Chaperone

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer T. Bæk ◽  
Lisa Bowman ◽  
Charlotte Millership ◽  
Mia Dupont Søgaard ◽  
Volkhard Kaever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Autolytic Activity

ABSTRACTLipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria and a promising target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobial compounds againstStaphylococcus aureus. Here we demonstrate that mutations in the conditionally essentialltaS(LTA synthase) gene arise spontaneously in anS. aureusmutant lacking the ClpX chaperone. A wide variety ofltaSmutations were selected, and among these, a substantial portion resulted in premature stop codons and other changes predicted to abolish LtaS synthesis. Consistent with this assumption, theclpX ltaSdouble mutants did not produce LTA, and genetic analyses confirmed that LTA becomes nonessential in the absence of the ClpX chaperone. In fact, inactivation ofltaSalleviated the severe growth defect conferred by theclpXdeletion. Microscopic analyses showed that the absence of ClpX partly alleviates the septum placement defects of an LTA-depleted strain, while other phenotypes typical of LTA-negativeS. aureusmutants, including increased cell size and decreased autolytic activity, are retained. In conclusion, our results indicate that LTA has an essential role in septum placement that can be bypassed by inactivating the ClpX chaperone.IMPORTANCELipoteichoic acid is an essential component of theStaphylococcus aureuscell envelope and an attractive target for the development of vaccines and antimicrobials directed against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as methicillin-resistantS. aureusand vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, we showed that the lipoteichoic acid polymer is essential for growth ofS. aureusonly as long as the ClpX chaperone is present in the cell. Our results indicate that lipoteichoic acid and ClpX play opposite roles in a pathway that controls two key cell division processes inS. aureus, namely, septum formation and autolytic activity. The discovery of a novel functional connection in the genetic network that controls cell division inS. aureusmay expand the repertoire of possible strategies to identify compounds or compound combinations that kill antibiotic-resistantS. aureus.

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