Participation of the thalamofugal visual pathway in a coarse pattern discrimination task in an open arena

2004 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheri A. Budzynski ◽  
Verner P. Bingman
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Visual Pathway

Pattern Discrimination Learning with Rhesus Monkeys

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Blehert
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Stimulus Pattern ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Group Data

Rhesus monkeys were trained to criterion on a 2-stimulus and a 5-stimulus pattern discrimination task. The probabilities of response to the various stimuli throughout learning are examined for individual Ss, and it is found that Ss exhibit consistency in the order and manner in which incorrect stimuli are eliminated. This suggests a simple mathematical description of the process, which is used to deepen the analysis of the data, permitting estimation of individual learning parameters and construction of more meaningful summaries of the group data.

scholarly journals Automated video tracking and flight analysis show how bumblebees solve a pattern discrimination task using active vision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HaDi MaBouDi ◽  
Mark Roper ◽  
Marie Guiraud ◽  
James A.R. Marshall ◽  
Lars Chittka
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Automated Video Tracking

AbstractActive vision, the ability of the visual system to actively sample and select relevant information out of a visual scene through eye and head movements, has been explored in a variety of animal species. Small-brained animals such as insects might rely even more on sequential acquisition of pattern features since there might be less parallel processing capacity in their brains than in vertebrates. To investigate how active vision strategies enable bees to solve visual tasks, here, we employed a simple visual discrimination task in which individual bees were presented with a multiplication symbol and a 45° rotated version of the same pattern (“plus sign”). High-speed videography of unrewarded tests and analysis of the bees’ flight paths shows that only a small region of the pattern is inspected before successfully accepting a target or rejecting a distractor. The bees’ scanning behaviour of the stimuli differed for plus signs and multiplication signs, but for each of these, the flight behaviour was consistent irrespective of whether the pattern was rewarding or unrewarding. Bees typically oriented themselves at ~±30° to the patterns such that only one eye had an unobscured view of stimuli. There was a significant preference for initially scanning the left side of the stimuli. Our results suggest that the bees’ movement may be an integral part of a strategy to efficiently analyse and encode their environment.Summary statementAutomated video tracking and flight analysis is proposed as the next milestone in understanding mechanisms underpinning active vision and cognitive visual abilities of bees.

Decisional Difficulty in Pattern Discrimination

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Fulkerson ◽  
Paul S. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Response Uncertainty ◽  
Uncertainty Condition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
High Uncertainty

To assess the relative influence of decisional ambiguity and response uncertainty on task difficulty, a pattern discrimination task was presented to 60 college undergraduates. The comparison stimuli were nine 20 × 20 matrices of randomly assigned black and white squares, with percent of black squares varying evenly from 10% to 90%. The standard contained 50% black squares. In a low-response uncertainty condition there were two response categories, and five in a high uncertainty condition. It was hypothesized that decisional ambiguity should be greatest at the boundaries between categories. The results suggested that decisional ambiguity was the critical factor determining judgment difficulty.

Enhancement of inferior temporal neurons during visual discrimination

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Richmond ◽  
T. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Trial Type ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Type Pattern

1. Previous results have shown that spatially directed attention enhances the stimulus-elicited responses of neurons in some areas of the brain. In the inferior temporal (IT) cortex, however, directing attention toward a stimulus mildly inhibits the responses of the neurons. Inferior temporal cortex is involved in pattern discrimination, but not spatial localization. If enhancement signifies that a neuron is participating in the function for which that part of cortex is responsible, then pattern discrimination, not spatial attention, should enhance responses of IT neurons. The influence of pattern discrimination behavior on the responses of IT neurons was therefore compared with previously reported suppressive influences of both spatial attention and the fixation point. 2. Single IT neurons were recorded from two monkeys while they performed each of five tasks. One task required the monkey to make a pattern discrimination between a bar and a square of light. In the other four tasks the same bar of light appeared, but the focus of spatial attention could differ, and the fixation point could be present or absent. Either attention to (without discrimination of) the bar stimulus or the presence of the fixation point attenuated responses slightly. These two suppressive influences produced a greater attenuation when both were present. 3. The visual conditions and motor requirements when the bar stimulus appeared in the discrimination task were identical to those of the trials in the stimulus attention task. However, one-half of the responsive neurons showed significantly stronger responses to the bar stimulus when it appeared in the discrimination task than when it appeared in the stimulus attention task. For most of these neurons, discrimination just overcame the combined effect of the two suppressive influences. For six other neurons, the response strength was significantly greater during the discrimination task than during any other task. 4. The monkeys achieved an overall correct performance rate of 90% in both the discrimination and stimulus attention tasks. To achieve this performance in the discrimination task they adopted a strategy in which they performed one trial type, bar stimulus attention trials, perfectly (100%) and the other trial type, pattern trials, relatively poorly (84% correct).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Visual intensity and pattern discrimination after lesions of the thalamofugal visual pathway in pigeons

1973 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hodos ◽  
Harvey J. Karten ◽  
James C. Bonbright
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Visual Pathway

scholarly journals The Effect of Patterned Sound Deprivation upon Auditory Discrimination in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robin Fraser Patchett
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Auditory Pattern

<p>To test the hypothesis that prior patterned or varied auditory experience was necessary for the development of auditory frequency discrimination and auditory pattern discrimination, groups of sprague-Dawley albino rats were deprived of patterned sound from birth by the novel technique of rearing them in 'white' noise. The sound deprived rats learned a frequency discrimination as easily as controls reared in varied sound conditions, but showed inferior performance on an auditory pattern discrimination task. Supporting experiments showed that the inferiority of varied sound deprived animals on the pattern discrimination task was not likely to have been due to their emotional state at the time of the testing nor to their inferiority in learning to respond in a discrimination task compared with non-deprived controls. Open-field testing showed that the sound deprived subjects did not differ from non-deprived controls in 'emotionality'. The sound deprived rats were not inferior, either, to controls on a complex visual discrimination task. Experiments were also carried out to explore the effect of various durations of patterned sound deprivation and the effect of the deprivation at various times in the life cycle of the rat on auditory pattern discrimination. The results of these experiments favoured an explanation for the effect of varied sound experience which proposed that patterned auditory discrimination development depended, simply, on prior experience with varied sound rather than an explanation which proposed that the effect depended on varied sound experience during a particular sensitive period in the life of the rat. The research involved a total of seven different experiments, the similarities in the findings of which when compared with those of other investigators working in the area of the effects of deprivation of patterned light on visual discriminations were noted. The present experiments support generalizations about the role of prior experience on later behaviour, based largely on experiments in the visual mode, by supplying evidence from another sensory mode.</p>

scholarly journals Hearing-Impaired Listeners Show Reduced Attention to High-Frequency Information in the Presence of Low-Frequency Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233121652094551
Author(s):  
Elin Roverud ◽  
Judy R. Dubno ◽  
Gerald Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Frequency Separation ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Frequency Information

Many listeners with sensorineural hearing loss have uneven hearing sensitivity across frequencies. This study addressed whether this uneven hearing loss leads to a biasing of attention to different frequency regions. Normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners performed a pattern discrimination task at two distant center frequencies (CFs): 750 and 3500 Hz. The patterns were sequences of pure tones in which each successive tonal element was randomly selected from one of two possible frequencies surrounding a CF. The stimuli were presented at equal sensation levels to ensure equal audibility. In addition, the frequency separation of the tonal elements within a pattern was adjusted for each listener so that equal pattern discrimination performance was obtained for each CF in quiet. After these adjustments, the pattern discrimination task was performed under conditions in which independent patterns were presented at both CFs simultaneously. The listeners were instructed to attend to the low or high CF before the stimulus (assessing selective attention to frequency with instruction) or after the stimulus (divided attention, assessing inherent frequency biases). NH listeners demonstrated approximately equal performance decrements (re: quiet) between the two CFs. HI listeners demonstrated much larger performance decrements at the 3500 Hz CF than at the 750 Hz CF in combined-presentation conditions for both selective and divided attention conditions, indicating a low-frequency attentional bias that is apparently not under subject control. Surprisingly, the magnitude of this frequency bias was not related to the degree of asymmetry in thresholds at the two CFs.

Effect of pulvinar lesions on visual pattern discrimination in monkeys

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Chalupa ◽  
R. S. Coyle ◽  
D. B. Lindsley
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Visual Pattern ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Unoperated Control ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Prolonged Training ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Visual Pattern Discrimination

This study compares the performance (percent correct responses and reaction times) of three unoperated control monkeys with the postoperative performance of eight monkeys with pulvinar lesions, either inferior pulvinar or medial and lateral pulvinar, on a tachistoscopically presented visual pattern-discrimination task highly demanding of attention. To further emphasize and assess the attentional factor in visual pattern discrimination, all monkeys who attained criterion performance (90% correct response on three consecutive sessions of 100 trials each) were tested for the effects of visually distracting interference stimuli added to the original discriminative stimuli. In addition, retention of postoperatively learned discriminations was tested after a 6-wk interval withou training and compared with the performance of control monkeys. Four monkeys with only inferior pulvinar lesions and one monkey with inferior pulvinar plus medial and lateral pulvinar lesions were markedly impaired in the postoperative learning of a visual pattern discrimination. Three of these monkeys failed to acquire criterion perfromance in 9,000 or more training trials, while two learned to ceiterion level only after prolonged training (7,400 and 6,900 trials). In contrast, monkeys with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions showed no deficit in learning ability compared to unoperated control monkeys. Furthermore, the performance of the two monkeys with inferior pulvinar lesions, who attained the criterion level of learning only with difficulty, was further impaired by the addition of distracting interference stimuli, where the performance of monkeys with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions as well as the control monkeys was only temporarily disrupted by this procedure. None of the monkeys with pulvinar lesions, who were tested for retention of the postoperatively learned discrimination, showed appreciable deficits in comparison to control monkeys. All monkeys, including controls and those uith pulvinar lesions who were able to learn the visual pattern discrimination, showed a common pattern of reaction time (RT) change during the course of the learning; that is, RT was low during change-level performance, increased during learning, and decreased once criterion performance was achieved. Reaction times of monkeys with inferior pulvinar lesions tended to be longer than for controls or for those with medial and lateral pulvinar lesions. These results provide the first behavior evidence that the inferior pulvinar of monkeys is involved in visual pattern discrimination and add further support to the concept of a second visual system in which the inferior pulvinar plays a role. The attentional aspects of the visual pattern-discrimination task employed in this study and the additional effects obtained with distracting stimuli suggest that the impairments arising from inferior pulvinar lesions may be dependent in part on visual attentional factors.

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