Hormonal and nutritional signalling in the control of brown and beige adipose tissue activation and recruitment

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Giralt ◽  
Montserrat Cairó ◽  
Francesc Villarroya
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. R77-R99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Meilian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

Endocrine Regulation of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Ariana Vargas-Castillo ◽  
Nimbe Torres ◽  
Armando R. Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue and Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zoico ◽  
Sofia Rubele ◽  
Annamaria De Caro ◽  
Nicole Nori ◽  
Gloria Mazzali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Recent advances in our understanding of brown and beige adipose tissue: the good fat that keeps you healthy

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Symonds ◽  
Peter Aldiss ◽  
Mark Pope ◽  
Helen Budge
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Beige Fat ◽  
Rapid Generation ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses a unique uncoupling protein (UCP1) which, when activated, enables the rapid generation of heat and the oxidation of lipids or glucose or both. It is present in small amounts (~15–350 mL) in adult humans. UCP1 is rapidly activated at birth and is essential in preventing hypothermia in newborns, who rapidly generate large amounts of heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. Since the “re-discovery” of BAT in adult humans about 10 years ago, there has been an exceptional amount of research interest. This has been accompanied by the establishment of beige fat, characterised as discrete areas of UCP1-containing cells dispersed within white adipocytes. Typically, the amount of UCP1 in these depots is around 10% of the amount found in classic BAT. The abundance of brown/beige fat is reduced with obesity, and the challenge is to prevent its loss with ageing or to reactivate existing depots or both. This is difficult, as the current gold standard for assessing BAT function in humans measures radio-labelled glucose uptake in the fasted state and is usually dependent on cold exposure and the same subject can be found to exhibit both positive and negative scans with repeated scanning. Rodent studies have identified multiple pathways that may modulate brown/beige fat function, but their direct relevance to humans is constrained, as these studies typically are undertaken in cool-adapted animals. BAT remains a challenging organ to study in humans and is able to swiftly adapt to changes in the thermal environment and thus enable rapid changes in heat production and glucose oxidation.

Tamoxifen-Prefabricated Beige Adipose Tissue Improves Fat Graft Survival in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrong Cai ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Kaiyang Liu ◽  
Yuteng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Characterization of the central neural projections to brown, white, and beige adipose tissue

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 4879-4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Wiedmann ◽  
Aneta Stefanidis ◽  
Brian J. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals Protein Kinase SGK2 Is Induced by the β3 Adrenergic Receptor-cAMP-PKA-PGC-1α/NT-PGC-1α Axis but Dispensable for Brown/Beige Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-Hong Park ◽  
Jiyoung Moon ◽  
Minsung Park ◽  
Helia Cheng ◽  
Jisu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Pka Pathway ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Brown and beige adipocytes are specialized to dissipate energy as heat. Sgk2, encoding a serine/threonine kinase, has been identified as a brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene in rodents and humans; however, its function in brown/beige adipocytes remains unraveled. Here, we examined the regulation and role of Sgk2 in brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis. We found that transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and NT-PGC-1α activated by the β3 adrenergic receptor-cAMP-PKA pathway are recruited to the Sgk2 promoter, triggering Sgk2 transcription in response to cold. SGK2 elevation was closely associated with increased serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins carrying the consensus RxRxxS/T phosphorylation site. However, despite cold-dependent activation of SGK2, mice lacking Sgk2 exhibited normal cold tolerance at 4°C. In addition, Sgk2+/+ and Sgk2−/− mice induced comparable increases in energy expenditure during pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipose tissue with a β3AR agonist. In vitro loss- and gain-of-function studies further demonstrated that Sgk2 ablation or activation does not alter thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Collectively, our results reveal a new signaling component SGK2, although dispensable for cold-induced thermogenesis that adds an additional layer of complexity to the β3AR signaling network in brown/beige adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Hormonal signaling factors produced by brown adipose tissue as regulators of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Francisco Santacruz-Hidalgo ◽  
Eliana Viscarra-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Brown adipose tissue is one of the principal generators of heat in the body; due to the activation of many hormones and receptors, it takes a fundamental role in thermogenesis. However recent studies have proved that this is not its only function. Brown adipose tissue could also act as an endocrine organ, which means that it releases chemical substances to the blood and regulate some activities in the organism. This cell communication process is momentous, since allowing cells to exchange physicochemical information with the environment and other cells in the body could be a relevant field of study in treatments of obesity, diabetes and other diseases related with body weight. This paper offers an overview of different transcriptional factors, endocrine regulation and therapeutic applications of the brown fat tissue, and also the distinctions that it has with white adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Matrix assisted transplantation of functional beige adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharp Kevin ◽  
Jha Amit ◽  
Healy Kevin ◽  
Stahl Andreas
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue
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