Enhancement of co-conversion of endogenous carbon and nitrogen of dairy wastewater in mesophilic hydrolysis-acidification coupled microalgae culture system by rhamnolipid

A chemostat culture system is described in which measurements of rates associated with carbon and nitrogen assimilation may be made in in situ steady-state cultures of N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Net C and N assimilations were determined from the steady-state cellular carbon and nitrogen contents and the steady-state growth rate of the cultures. O2 evolution in the light and short-term 14C assimilation were measured simultaneously in unperturbed culture cuvettes. 14C assimilation was linear with time through the origin over the 20-min sampling period, thereby providing a measure of gross photosynthesis. C2H2 reduction was measured within the culture cuvette using an open gas analysis system. Steady-state rates of C2H2 reduction were obtained within 10 min and remained constant for up to 1 h. Preliminary results showed that at similar growth rates (0.018–0.019 h−1) cultures grown on [Formula: see text] and N2 contained heterocysts, were smaller, and had higher chlorophyll contents than cells grown on NH3. Corresponding gross photosynthesis was 1.6 to 1.8 times higher than net photosynthesis in [Formula: see text] and N2-grown cells; however, for NH3-grown cells the ratio of gross photosynthesis:net photosynthesis was close to unity. These results are discussed with reference to the energetic costs associated with N assimilation in cyanobacteria.

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Application of response surface methodology for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen (SND) removal from dairy wastewater in batch systems

International Journal of Environmental Studies ◽

10.1080/00207233.2012.739428 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 962-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Malihe Amini ◽

Habibollah Younesi ◽

Ghasem Najafpour ◽

Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh-Lorestani

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Batch Systems

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Accelerating anaerobic hydrolysis acidification of dairy wastewater in integrated floating-film and activated sludge (IFFAS) by using zero-valent iron (ZVI) composite carriers

Biochemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bej.2021.108226 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108226

Author(s):

Yanping Shi ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Shuo Chen ◽

Xie Quan

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Hydrolysis Acidification

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Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dairy Wastewater, Fermented Cow Milk and ‘Ogi’

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i930279 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-46

Author(s):

Wakil Sherifah Monilola ◽

Oluwatobi Esther Makinde

Keyword(s):

Liquid Medium ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Pha Production

Aims: This study aimed at screening, producing and characterizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from dairy wastewater, fermented cow milk and “ogi”. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan between August 2018 and February 2019. Methodology: The initial screening of isolated LAB was carried out by Sudan Black staining method followed by secondary screening on liquid medium. Isolates that tested positive for Sudan Black stain and had the highest PHA yield from liquid medium was used for further analysis. The cell walls of selected isolates were lysed with sodium hypochlorite and PHA extracted using chloroform. Optimization of PHA production was carried out using different carbon and nitrogen sources, incubation temperature, pH and agitation speed. Extracted PHA was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and the microstructure and surface morphology were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Results: Seven isolates tested positive for Sudan Black stain of which two isolates identified as Lactobacillus plantarum CW10 and Lactobacillus casei WWD3 had the highest PHA yield from liquid medium. From the optimization experiment, highest PHA production was observed in Lactobacillus plantarum CW10 (20.5%) and Lactobacillus casei WWD3 (19.7%) when glucose and ammonium sulphate was used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively, and at pH 6, agitation speed of 200 rpm and incubation temperature of 35oC and 40oC. The spectra of extracted PHA as characterized by FTIR showed absorption peaks for the carbonyl, C-H, -OH, aliphatic -CH3 and ester groups that are characteristics of PHA. The microstructure and surface morphology shows grains that are pseudo-spherical in shape with fairly regular distribution. Conclusion: There is an appreciable production of PHA from the Lactobacillus strains and can be considered as part of the choice of organisms for PHA production in commercial quantity.

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Metabolic signalling and the partitioning of resources in plant storage organs

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699006978 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 243-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NIGEL G. HALFORD

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Young Plant ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Cultivated Potato ◽

Metabolic Signalling ◽

Storage Organs ◽

Plant Storage

The most important harvested organs of crop plants, such as seeds, tubers and fruits, are often described as assimilate sinks. They play little or no part in the fixation of carbon through the production of sugars through photosynthesis, or in the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur, but import these assimilated resources to support metabolism and to store them in the form of starch, oils and proteins. Wild plants store resources in seeds and tubers to later support an emergent young plant. Cultivated crops are effectively storing resources to provide us with food and many have been bred to accumulate much more than would be required otherwise. For example, approximately 80% of a cultivated potato plant's dry weight is contained in its tubers, ten times the proportion in the tubers of its wild relatives (Inoue & Tanaka 1978). Cultivation and breeding has brought about a shift in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen assimilate between the organs of the plant.

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Precipitation in silicon: Microanalysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104431 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 474-475

Author(s):

R.W. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Transition Metals ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Thin Foil ◽

Precipitation Reaction ◽

High Current ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Dielectric Layers ◽

Precipitation Processes ◽

Areas Of Interest

Interest in precipitation processes in silicon appears to be centered on transition metals (for intrinsic and extrinsic gettering), and oxygen and carbon in thermally aged materials, and on oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in ion implanted materials to form buried dielectric layers. A steadily increasing number of applications of microanalysis to these problems are appearing. but still far less than the number of imaging/diffraction investigations. Microanalysis applications appear to be paced by instrumentation development. The precipitation reaction products are small and the presence of carbon is often an important consideration. Small high current probes are important and cryogenic specimen holders are required for consistent suppression of contamination buildup on specimen areas of interest. Focussed probes useful for microanalysis should be in the range of 0.1 to 1nA, and estimates of spatial resolution to be expected for thin foil specimens can be made from the curves shown in Fig. 1.

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