scholarly journals The role of synchronized swimming as affiliative and anti-predatory behavior in long-finned pilot whales

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Senigaglia ◽  
Renaud de Stephanis ◽  
Phillippe Verborgh ◽  
David Lusseau
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Synchronized Swimming ◽  
Pilot Whales

The roles of vision and vibrissae in the predatory behaviour of Northern Quolls Dasyurus hallucatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
S.M. Pellis ◽  
J.E. erlely R and Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Tactile Contact

The predatory behavior of captive quolls (n= 13) on mice was videotaped and analysed . The role of vision was studied by comparing the behaviours of fully blind, and one-eyed quolls to fully sighted ones. The role of tactile inputs via the vibrissae was studied by vibrissae amputation in both fully blind and fully sighted quolls. The data indicated that vision plays a role in both locating and attacking prey, although in its absence, other sensory stimuli can be substituted. Vibrissae were found to play a role in orienting the attack, although in their absence, either visual or more direct tactile contact (eg, nose or forepaws) could be substituted for this function. Once the mice were bitten, neither vision nor vibrissae appeared to be involved in orienting the prey for delivery of the killing bite.

“The Business of Missing Children”

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Paul M. Renfro
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
First Century ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
American Children ◽  
Stranger Danger

Chapter 6 chronicles how the Reagan administration lauded the role of the private sector in protecting American children. The celebration by Reagan, other conservatives, and neoliberals of private sector (and especially business sector) efforts to “save” certain American youngsters and promote “family values” cleared the way for a more expansive child safety regime pieced together at the turn of the twenty-first century. Such private sector solutions enlisted the American public in the increasingly punitive, pervasive, and invasive project of child safety. Liberally deploying the image of endangered childhood, private sector programs and products surrounded Americans with evidence of stranger danger and called on them to police and prevent predatory behavior against the nation’s children.

Comparing the non-lethal and lethal effects of predation risk ‬on goldfish anti-predatory behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Wacht Katz ◽  
Zvika Abramsky ◽  
Burt P. Kotler ◽  
Michael L Rosenzweig ◽  
Ofir Altstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Predation Pressure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Experimental Theater ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Behavioral Game ◽  
Player Game

Little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and common goldfish (Carassius auratus) interacted in experimental theaters that challenge them with a behavioral game. We studied the behavioral tactics of both players. The experimental theaters consist of three equally spaced pools, each with a shelter in its center. The fish can take shelter in a safe but foodless habitat, or swim exposed in the open that contains food. The egrets can move among the pools to catch the exposed fish. We investigated the importance of non-lethal effects versus lethal effects on predator–prey interactions. We created a variance in predation pressure by keeping the number of egrets fixed but varying the number of pools of the experimental theater between 1 and 3 pools. In all treatments, even when the egret was present, individual goldfish emerged from protected cover occasionally, exposing at least their heads and sometimes their entire bodies in apparent disregard for the possibly lethal consequences. We assumed that this behavior stems from the fish's constant need to collect information about its surroundings. The fish responded appropriately to the variations in predation pressure by changing their activity level outside the cover, i.e., the fish drastically and significantly reduced their exposure outside the cover, as well as the rate of peeping, as predation pressure increased. The results demonstrate the importance role of non-lethal effects, and how they drive the behavior of prey in response to predation risk, which in turn, drives the action of the predator in an asymmetric two-player game of stealth and fear.

scholarly journals Protection or Repression: The Impact of Judiciary Behavior on SME Development in Russia.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kozlov ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

The paper investigates the role of judiciary behavior in the development of SMEs in Russian regions. Specifically, it looks at how repressive Russian courts are in punishing economic crime. Repressiveness of courts can be both an obstacle of business development (if it serves the predatory behavior of bureaucrats) and a factor improving the environment for business (if it reduces risks of illicit behavior on the side of SMEs’ counterparts). Utilizing the differences in court repressiveness and SME development across Russian regions, we show that court behavior indeed affects the development of SMEs, at least as captured by the official statistics. For small business in the area of trade, higher repressiveness of courts in the matters of fraud seems to encourage business development, while repressiveness in corruption and illicit entrepreneurship has a negative effect.

scholarly journals Behavioral correlates of semi-zygodactyly in Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) based on analysis of internet images

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Sustaita ◽  
Yuri Gloumakov ◽  
Leah R. Tsang ◽  
Aaron M. Dollar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Internet Images

Ospreys are renowned for their fishing abilities, which have largely been attributed to their specialized talon morphology and semi-zygodactyly−the ability to rotate the fourth toe to accompany the first toe in opposition of toes II and III. Anecdotal observations indicate that zygodactyly in Ospreys is associated with prey capture, although to our knowledge this has not been rigorously tested. As a first pass toward understanding the functional significance of semi-zygodactyly in Ospreys, we scoured the internet for images of Osprey feet in a variety of circumstances. From these we cross-tabulated the number of times each of three toe configurations (anisodactylous, zygodactylous, and an intermediate condition between these) was associated with different grasping scenarios (e.g., grasping prey or perched), contact conditions (e.g., fish, other objects, or substrate), object sizes (relative to foot size), and grasping behaviors (e.g., using one or both feet). Our analysis confirms an association between zygodactyly and grasping behavior; the odds that an osprey exhibited zygodactyly while grasping objects in flight were 5.7 times greater than whilst perched. Furthermore, the odds of zygodactyly during single-foot grasps were 4.1 times greater when pictured grasping fish compared to other objects. These results suggest a functional association between predatory behavior and zygodactyly and has implications for the selective role of predatory performance in the evolution of zygodactyly more generally.

Masculinity or Bust

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray K. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheelchair User ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Impact

Released in 1965, Russ Meyer’s film Faster Pussycat! Kill! Kill! centers on the violent and sexually predatory behavior of three go-go dancers in search of a hidden fortune on an isolated desert ranch. The amoral “machismo” of the women’s behavior contrasts sharply with that of three male characters: the greedy and misogynistic “Old Man,” a wheelchair user and owner of the ranch; his son, the “Vegetable,” a muscular beefcake to match the voluptuous cheesecake of the go-go dancers’ appearance; and the Old Man’s nondescript other son, relegated to the role of housewife by the disabilities of his father and brother. The chapter explores the impact of disability on Meyer’s constructions of masculinity showing how disability produces the feminization of the nondisabled caregiving son and how the intellectual disability of the other son renders him less than human, despite being the physical model of masculine perfection.

Capitalism without contracts versus capitalists without capitalism: Comparing the influence of Chinese guanxi and Russian blat on marketization

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Favor Exchange ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

This paper explores the role of favor exchange practices—Chinese guanxi and Russian blat—on investment and entrepreneurship. In both societies policies which supported marketization were undermined by actual institutions, including an insufficient legal structure for enforcing contracts. But cultural resources armed Chinese and Russians differently to react to these circumstances. Guanxi practice allowed people to create networks, to build trust, and to reach out. It was a tool which could be used to build enough trust to allow business transactions to succeed—capitalism without contracts. In contrast, Russian blat devolved into corruption, and faded in importance for ordinary citizens. Without a way to build trust or extend networks, Russians retreated into defensive involution, and engaged in predatory behavior against those outside their small circles of friends. Instead of capitalism without contracts, Russia suffered the depredations of capitalists without capitalism.

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