scholarly journals Operationalising the concept of ecosystem collapse for conservation practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 109366
Author(s):  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Robert Britton ◽  
Kimberley Davies ◽  
Anita Diaz ◽  
Daniel J. Franklin ◽  
...  
GEOgraphia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Luiz Renato Vallejo

RESUMO A criação de unidades de conservação é considerada como principal ação de governo cujo objetivo é a preservação e conservação da biodiversidade. A delimitação de “áreas especiais” é uma prática observada desde as sociedades mais tradicionais, sendo que em muitas delas prevalecia um sentido mítico-religioso e, ao mesmo tempo, de conservação de recursos naturais. Em outras sociedades, essa ação esteve associada com a prática de esportes de caça por parte da realeza e da aristocracia rural. Os parques públicos começaram a surgir no século XIX nos Estados Unidos, numa perspectiva de preservação das belezas cênicas e proteção dos bens naturais contra a ação deletéria da sociedade. O tema em questão é discutido à luz da categoria geográfica de território e dos processos de territorialização, utilizando-se para esse fim suas múltiplas abordagens conceituais— biológica, ecológica e social. Discute-se no trabalho os problemas da desterritorialização, em ambos os sentidos (biológico e social), além da formação das redes empenhadas no processo de criação e gestão das unidades de conservação. Houve um esforço de trazer para essa discussão uma contribuição sobre o valor agregado à conservação da biodiversidade com base em princípios de uma nova disciplina - a Biologia da Conservação. O trabalho aborda ainda aspectos conceituais sobre as políticas públicas, em geral, e sobre a influência que elas têm, especificamente, sobre a problemática das unidades de conservação no Brasil.ABSTRACT The principal goal to create natural parks and biological reserves in the world is to promote the conservation of biodiversity. During long time, traditional people established “especial areas” to guarantee natural resources for the future. Others, as kings and rural aristocracy used this areas for practice sports like hunting. The first public parks were created in United States during the XIX century, to preserve the environmental features of the Yellowstone against the human explotation. In this work, I wil discuss conservation of natural areas using the territory and the territorialization concepts and their several meanings: biological/ecological and social. The biodiversity value under principles of a new discipline — Biological Conservation — is showed as contribution. Public policy is discussed at the end of work exploring some reasons of the controversy between government speech and the conservation practice in natural parks and biological reserves.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Zuzana Dítě ◽  
Róbert Šuvada ◽  
Tibor Tóth ◽  
Pavol Eliáš Jun ◽  
Vladimír Píš ◽  
...  

Little is known about the suite of ecological conditions under which characteristic species may continue to develop under the pressure of recent habitat deterioration. We aimed to determine the niche of three indicator species of the priority habitat Pannonic salt steppes and to find out how their vegetation composition, land use, and soil chemistry mirror the current condition of their typical habitat. A plot-based vegetation survey was conducted in degraded and in pristine (reference) inland salt steppes in East-Central Europe. We confirmed decreased habitat quality at their northern geographical limit. Most of the sites there showed a strong prevalence of generalists (e.g., Elytrigia repens) and lack of specialists, both resulting from lowered habitat extremity and inappropriate land use (abandonment). A small proportion of plots (19%) were in the same good condition as the reference vegetation in the central area. Soil analyses revealed that the studied halophytes are able to persist on desalinized soils if the land use is suitable. The occurrence of the annual Camphorosma annua (Amaranthaceae) was driven largely by abiotic stress; grazing alone is insufficient for its long-term persistence, while the perennial Artemisia santonicum (Asteraceae) and Tripolium pannonicum (Asteraceae) have higher survival chances as they are able to coexist with generalists. Overall habitat quality can be reliably determined from the analyzed ecological conditions of indicator species. The outcomes of the presented work are relevant for conservation practice and can serve as a quick tool for assessing the current stage of other grassland habitats.


Author(s):  
Nathaniel Springer ◽  
Jessica Musengezi ◽  
Eric O. Hunter ◽  
Charlotte Kaiser ◽  
Priya Shyamsundar

Author(s):  
Deepthi Kolady ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Jessica Ulrich-Schad

Abstract This study uses location-specific data to investigate the role of spatially mediated peer effects in farmers’ adoption of conservation agriculture practices. The literature has shown that farmers trust other farmers and one way to increase conservation practice adoption is through identifying feasible conservation practices in neighboring fields. Estimating this effect can help improve our understanding of what influences the adoption and could play a role in improving federal and local conservation program design. The study finds that although spatial peer effects are important in the adoption of conservation tillage and diverse crop rotation, the scale of peer effects are not substantial.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrick F McKenzie ◽  
Gwenllian D Iacona ◽  
Eric R Larson ◽  
Paul R Armsworth

Summary The available tools and approaches to inform conservation decisions commonly assume detailed distribution data. We examine how well-established ecological concepts about patterns in local richness and community turnover can help overcome data limitations when planning future protected areas. To inform our analyses, we surveyed tree species in protected areas in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the eastern USA. We used the survey data to construct predictive models for alpha and beta diversity based on readily observed biophysical variables and combined them to create a heuristic that could predict among-site richness in trees (gamma diversity). The predictive models suggest that site elevation and latitude in this montane system explain much of the variation in alpha and beta diversity in tree species. We tested how well resulting protected areas would represent species if a conservation planner lacking detailed species inventories for candidate sites were to rely only on our alpha, beta and gamma diversity predictions. Our approach selected sites that, when aggregated, covered a large proportion of the overall species pool. The combined gamma diversity models performed even better when we also accounted for the cost of protecting sites. Our results demonstrate that classic community biogeography concepts remain highly relevant to conservation practice today.


1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okwudili O. Onianwa ◽  
Gerald C. Wheelock ◽  
Mark R. Dubois ◽  
Sarah T. Warren

Abstract Conservation reserve program (CRP) participants in Alabama were surveyed to determine the probable utilization of CRP acres should the contracts expire without opportunity for renewal. From over 9000 contracts established between 1986 and 1995, 594 contracts were randomly selected and surveyed for the study. Two hundred and fourteen surveys were completed and returned. Of these, 204 (34%) were usable. Results indicate that 90% of CRP tree acres would be retained in trees while nearly 60% of CRP grass acres would be converted to row crop production. In addition, there are no significant differences in the response between the minority and white participants with regard to the intended use of CRP acres. Therefore, for sustained mitigation of soil loss and reduction of excess production capacity, tree planting as a conservation practice choice should be advocated and encouraged. South. J. Appl. For. 23(2):83-87.


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