In vitro and micro-plot predatory activity of the mite Caloglyphus mycophagus against populations of nematode larvae of agricultural importance

2021 ◽  
pp. 104813
Author(s):  
Z.J. Quintero-Elena ◽  
L. Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
G.S. Castañeda-Ramírez ◽  
Olga Gómez-Rodríguez ◽  
Edgar Villar-Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Nematode Larvae

Paracrystalline bundles of large tubules, induced in vitro by Mebendazole in Cysticercus cellulosae

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Laclette ◽  
Marie Therese Merchant ◽  
Kaethe Willms ◽  
L. Cañedo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae

SUMMARYThe effect of the anthelmintic Mebendazole on Cysticercus cellulosae maintained in culture medium was studied by transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the well-known morphological changes induced by Mebendazole in other cestode and nematode larvae, it also induced the cytoplasmic appearance of paracrystalline bundles in the secretory cells of the bladder wall. These bundles were formed by groups of large parallel tubules arranged in a hexagonal-like pattern. The tubules, which had an external diameter of about 50 nm and a length that might exceed 5 μm, were surrounded by a matrix and a distance between neighbouring tubules of 80–120 nm centre to centre was estimated. The tubules were stable to colchicine and low temperature. The temporary appearance of bundles is described and some alternative explanations on their origin are advanced.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the ITS Region and Biological Characterization of Nematophagous Fungi from Morelos, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gloria Sarahí Castañeda-Ramírez ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
María Eugenia López-Arellano ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Romano
Keyword(s):  
Biological Function ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy

We determined the morphological taxonomy of eighteen nematophagous fungi (NF), as well as their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). Fungi were classified into six genera and three species, the most common of which were Monacrosporium eudermatum and Arthrobotrys oligospora. We then sequenced five NF isolates using ITS4 and ITS5 primers. These sequences showed high identity with sequences from the NCBI database (98-99%). In contrast, alignments among the same genera and species demonstrated 83–97% identity. Polymorphisms observed between Arthrobotrys and Monacrosporium appear to be associated with differences in biological function, nonspecific mutations, evolutionary processes, feeding behaviour, predatory activity, and microecosystems.

scholarly journals Predatory activity of nematophagous fungi on infective larvae of Ancylostoma sp.: evaluation in vitro and after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
J.M. Araujo ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
I 31

AbstractThe predatory capacity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a), M. appendiculatum (CGI), M. sinense (SF53), Arthrobotrys conoides (I-40), A. cladodes (CG719) and A. robusta (I-31) on infective Ancylostoma sp. larvae (L3) was evaluated. Compared with the control without fungi there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 87.02%, 82.74%, 47.93%, 60.49%, 76.89%, 71.33% and 86.02% in the mean number of Ancylostoma sp. (L3) recovered from treatments with the isolates AC001, NF34a, CGI, SF53, I-40, CG719 and I-31, respectively. Isolates AC001, I-31 and NF34a were more effective in capturing L3 during the in vitro assay. Isolates were then in vivo evaluated for the capacity to remain viable after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of dogs, while still maintaining their predatory activity against L3. Fungal isolates survived the passage and showed efficient predation 48 h after fungal administration to the dogs (P < 0.05). After this time, only the isolate NF34a remained effective up to 96 h after administration (P < 0.05). Monacrosporium thaumasium, D. flagrans and A. robusta are potential biological control agents of Ancylostoma sp. in dogs.

scholarly journals In vitro biological control of infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mara Fernandes ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Group 10

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) on infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum after gastrointestinal transit in hamsters. Twenty animals were used in the experiment, divided into two groups: a treated group (10 animals) and a control group (10 animals). In the group treated with D. flagrans, each animal received mycelium from the AC001 isolate, at an oral dose of 5 mg/25 g of live weight. To evaluate the predatory activity of the fungus, fecal samples were collected from the animals in both groups, at the times of 6, 8, 12, 24 and 36 hours after the treatment. Then, subsamples of 2 g of feces were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water-agar (2% WA) culture medium and 1000 L3 of A. ceylanicum. Over the study period, the following percentage reductions were observed: 43.2% (6 hours), 30.8% (8 hours), 25.8% (12 hours), 30% (24 hours) and 11% (36 hours). The fungus D. flagrans presented predatory activity on the L3 of A. ceylanicum, after passing through the hamsters' gastrointestinal tract. It was therefore concluded that the fungus D. flagrans may be an alternative for biological control of the L3 of A. ceylanicum.

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of conidia of fungal isolates of the Duddingtonia flagrans on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Fungal Isolates

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Ancylostoma ceylanicum third-stage larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio R. Braga ◽  
André R. Silva ◽  
Rogério O. Carvalho ◽  
Jackson V. Araújo ◽  
Pedro Henrique G. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Third Stage

The kinetics of exsheathment of infective nematode larvae is disturbed in the presence of a tannin-rich plant extract (sainfoin) both in vitro and in vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BRUNET ◽  
J. AUFRERE ◽  
F. El BABILI ◽  
I. FOURASTE ◽  
H. HOSTE
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dose Dependent

SUMMARYThe mode of action of bioactive plants on gastrointestinal nematodes remains obscure. Previous in vitro studies showed that exsheathment was significantly disturbed after contact with tannin-rich extracts. However, the role of important factors (extract concentration, parasite species) has not been assessed and no information is available on the occurrence in vivo. These questions represent the objectives of this study. The model incorporated the parasites Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis with sainfoin as the bioactive plant. A set of in vitro assays was performed, measuring the changes observed, after 3 h of contact with increasing concentrations of sainfoin, on the rate of artificial exsheathment. The results indicated that sainfoin extracts interfered with exsheathment in a dose-dependent manner and the process overall was similar for both nematodes. The restoration of control values observed after adding PEG to extracts confirms a major role for tannins. A second study was performed in vivo on rumen-cannulated sheep fed with different proportions of sainfoin in the diet to verify these in vitro results. The consumption of a higher proportion of sainfoin was indeed associated with significant delays in Haemonchus exsheathment. Overall, the results confirmed that interference with the early step of nematode infection might be one of the modes of action that contributes to the anthelmintic properties of tanniniferous plants.

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽  
Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽  
Letícia Ianke ◽  
Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽  
Matheus Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

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