A harvest and transport cost model for Eucalyptus spp. fast-growing short rotation plantations

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Shane M. Ward ◽  
Philip M. Owende
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation

On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Herrera Dappe ◽  
Tomás Serebrisky ◽  
Ancor Suárez-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Port Efficiency ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Historical Relationship

Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.

An Assessment of the Belt and Road Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Sedat Baştuğ ◽  
Turgay Battal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Belt And Road

The aim of the chapter is to propose a methodology to illustrate the cost and time components of door-to-door movement by One Belt and One Road (OBOR) and traditional routes alongside with modes. The study is concentrated on a case study and uses established multimodal transport cost model as a research framework. Interviews with industry practitioners and observation from primary methods of data collection. The use of multimodal transport cost model is common in the containerized cargoes. Hence, this study provides an original analysis for OBOR initiative. The volumes of OBOR shipments are large, with a high value-to-volume ratio. The research initially confirms that multimodal transport alternatives and modal combinations may successfully be applied and assess the performance of OBOR initiative.

scholarly journals Design and Freight Corridor-Fleet Size Choice in Collaborative Intermodal Transportation Network Considering Economies of Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Zhenghong Deng ◽  
Qipeng Sun ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yinhai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Freight Consolidation ◽  
Vehicle Size

Decentralized freight decision has been proved to be one of the inhibitors to achieve a sustainable transport network. One important method also a key challenge is to determine how to coordinate and consolidate the transportation flow to get the best logistics performance. This study presents an intermodal transportation network considering freight consolidation through freight forwarders’ cooperation. We formulate the problem as a minimum intermodal transport cost model, which is a nonlinear, nonconvex and discontinuous function that involves volume economies of scale, distance economies of scale and vehicle size economies of scale. A hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in combination with a batch strategy are used to solve the problem. Five different transport demand scenarios are tested on a real case on “China Railway Express” (Crexpress). The choices of reasonably corridor and fleet size combination are provided.

scholarly journals MECHANISED HARVEST OF ENERGY WOOD: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Jadir Nogueira Silva ◽  
Detlef Ehlert ◽  
Gerd Volkhard Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Forage Harvester

Energy wood from fast growing trees, also called short rotation coppice (SRC) such as poplar, willow and eucalyptus, may provide a secure source of income for farmers, provided that production technologies, logistic chains and end user facilities are well designed in farmers’ regional structures. One of the key problems at present is the lack of inexpensive harvesting machinery. Analyzing the process chain of fast growing trees, chip lines seem to be most costefficient for harvest, and the modification of forage harvesters is a promising option. But the high machine weight of forage harvesters is a serious disadvantage for harvest in rain-laden or mountainous regions. Furthermore, for economic operation of these expensive harvest systems cultivation areas of more than 300 ha are required. Therefore, a simple and low weight tractor-mounted mower-chipper for medium sized standard tractors has been developed. The chipper is designed for flexible harvest of wood from fast growing trees (max. stem diameter 15 cm). The total weight of the harvester (tractor and chipper) is less than 50 % of the forage harvester combination resulting in much more flexible field operation and lower harvest costs. The machine has been successfully tested in the last three harvest seasons on an area of more than 110 ha. At harvest of 4 years old poplars (10 - 15 cm stem diameter) an average field performance of 0.5 ha h-1 has been realized. Due to the robust design and performance of the prototype the development of a reinforced model is considered at present. Such a new model could be designed for harvest of poplar or eucalyptus trees with stem diameters of more than 20 cm.

scholarly journals Relationship between Age and Standing Diameter of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell Clone A in Industrial Plantation Forest Sebulu Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Noor Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita

Forestry development which is oriented towards meeting the raw materials of the forestry industry is one of them with industrial plantations. The types developed are adapted to the needs of the industry and which have high economic value. Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of the fast growing species that is very important for the pulp and paper industry. The advantages of this Eucalyptus as a fast growing plant are short rotation, few disease attacks, many benefits, and high economic value. One of the parameters of vegetative growth is the diameter, which in this case is measured by different stand age classes. So the research aims to determine the effect of age on the distribution of diameters and suspect of relationship patterns. The plant material is derived from clones, namely Clone A which is the result of selection from progeny test which will produce selected clones based on specified criteria and one of them is Clone A which is now a commercial clone since 2012. Propagation through vegetative tissue culture (as mother plant) which is then made shoot cuttings in the stool plant. The study was conducted in HTI PT Surya Hutani Jaya (PT SRH) Sebulu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province by determining the research plots by purposive sampling with RAK ​​and 3 replications. Furthermore, doing a diameter census (DSD) and numbering of all tree compilers stands in a circular research plot with an area of ​​0.05 ha, circle radius 12.6 m on stands aged 6 months (0.5 years), 2, 4 and 5 years. The results obtained from this study which are based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that stand age has a very significant effect on the distribution of diameters, where the results of the BNT 5% test indicate that among the average diameters per age class (6 months, 2, 4 and 5 years) show significantly different from each other. The linear regression relationship between age and diameter distribution of the average stand formed with the equation formed was: Y = 3.96 + 2.2777X, with values ​​R2 = 0.9730 and r = 0.9864.

scholarly journals From facilitation to competition: the effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the growth performance of four poplar-hybrids (Populus spp.) in mixed short rotation coppice

New Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rebola-Lichtenberg ◽  
Juliane Streit ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Dominik Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Volume Increment

AbstractShort rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growing Populus spp.-hybrids and the N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Four different Populus-hybrids (AF2, Fritzi Pauley, Hybride 275 and Max 1), planted alternately in pure and mixed stands with R. pseudoacacia were used for the analysis. Height and root collar diameter were measured once a year, over a period of four years (2014–2017). Additionally, in the third year, aboveground competition was surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner and root biomass was analyzed to assess belowground competition. Soil nitrogen was also determined in order to verify enrichment properties of mixtures compared to pure stands. Populus-hybrids’ stem volume showed no significant differences between stand types in the first year after planting. In the second and third year, however, two Populus-hybrids (AF2 and Max 1) had a higher stem volume increment of up to 3.8 times than stem volume increment in pure stands. This may be related to the fact that soil nitrogen was 39% higher in the mixtures than in pure stands. However, in the 4th year after stand establishment, R. pseudoacacia’s crowns were so massive and broad, that this species was far more competitive than the Populus-hybrids. With the exception of P. ‘Fritzi Pauley’, which showed no significant differences between stand types, growth rates reversed for the other three Populus-hybrids. AF2, Max 1 and Hybride 275 showed up to 75% lower stem volume increment in mixtures compared to pure stands. We assume that, in spite of the initially observed facilitation between the species, the competition exerted by R. pseudoacacia started dominating after 4 years and began to surpass the benefits of facilitation.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services in Short Rotation Coppice Forestry on Former Arable Land

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Krēsliņa ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa ◽  
Guntis Brumelis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation

Abstract The rising global population size has placed increasing demands for acquisition and sustainable use of renewable resources and carbon sink. One of the ways to meet this demand and realise Green deal is by planting fast growing trees such as Alnus incana, Betula pendula, Salix sp., Populus tremuloides x Populus tremula for short rotation forestry (SRF) or short rotation coppice (SRC). The area of these plantations is increasing. The main benefit of these plantations is renewable wood energy. There can be also additional benefits for ecosystem services if the plantation is fully used. The aim of the study was to describe the ecosystem services offered by SRC and SRF in comparison to intensive agriculture. We studied the occurrence of herbaceous plant species in an experimental tree stand in Skriveri district in Latvia. The cover of plants was estimated in plots. The results showed a multitude of other ecosystem services offered by the plantation. In grassland belts between tree rows, provisioning ecosystem services included plants for medicinal purposes and teas, as well as forage species for livestock feed. Regulating ecosystem services included nectar plants for pollination with added value of honey production. The most intensive blooming and pollen season was from April to October, when 20 species of nectar plants were blooming. Trees and herbs with microbial nitrogen fixing associations had potential for soil improvement. The fast-growing trees can sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. Compared to cultivated grassland with one or a few species, SRC and SRF provides a greater variety of ecosystem services.

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