scholarly journals From facilitation to competition: the effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the growth performance of four poplar-hybrids (Populus spp.) in mixed short rotation coppice

New Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rebola-Lichtenberg ◽  
Juliane Streit ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Dominik Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Volume Increment

AbstractShort rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growing Populus spp.-hybrids and the N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Four different Populus-hybrids (AF2, Fritzi Pauley, Hybride 275 and Max 1), planted alternately in pure and mixed stands with R. pseudoacacia were used for the analysis. Height and root collar diameter were measured once a year, over a period of four years (2014–2017). Additionally, in the third year, aboveground competition was surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner and root biomass was analyzed to assess belowground competition. Soil nitrogen was also determined in order to verify enrichment properties of mixtures compared to pure stands. Populus-hybrids’ stem volume showed no significant differences between stand types in the first year after planting. In the second and third year, however, two Populus-hybrids (AF2 and Max 1) had a higher stem volume increment of up to 3.8 times than stem volume increment in pure stands. This may be related to the fact that soil nitrogen was 39% higher in the mixtures than in pure stands. However, in the 4th year after stand establishment, R. pseudoacacia’s crowns were so massive and broad, that this species was far more competitive than the Populus-hybrids. With the exception of P. ‘Fritzi Pauley’, which showed no significant differences between stand types, growth rates reversed for the other three Populus-hybrids. AF2, Max 1 and Hybride 275 showed up to 75% lower stem volume increment in mixtures compared to pure stands. We assume that, in spite of the initially observed facilitation between the species, the competition exerted by R. pseudoacacia started dominating after 4 years and began to surpass the benefits of facilitation.

scholarly journals Mortality of Different Populus Genotypes in Recently Established Mixed Short Rotation Coppice with Robinia pseudoacacia L.

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rebola-Lichtenberg ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Ludger Leinemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Biomass For Energy

Short rotation coppices play an increasing role in providing wooden biomass for energy. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may result in complementary effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect on mortality of eight different poplar genotypes (Populus sp.) in mixed short rotation coppices with three different provenances of the N-fixing tree species black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Pure and mixed stands were established at two sites of contrasting fertility. Survival of poplar was assessed for each tree two times a year, for a period of three years. In the first two years, high variation in mortality was observed between the genotypes, but no significant differences between pure and mixed stands were identified. However, three years after planting, higher mortality rates were observed in the mixtures across all poplar genotypes in comparison to pure stands. The expected advantage on growth of combining an N-fixing tree with an N-demanding tree species, such as poplar, was overshadowed by the Robinia’s dominance and competitiveness.

scholarly journals Direct Assessment of Biomass Productivity in Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Case of Study in NE Part of Romania (Preliminary Results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Iulian Constantin Dănilă
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
North East ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Destructive Methods

Short rotation forestry (SRF) provides an important supply of biomass for investors in this area. In the NE (North-East) part of Romania at the present time are installed over 800 Ha of this kind of crops. The SRF enjoys the support through environmental policies, in relation to climate change and the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A precise estimate of biomass production is necessary for the sustainable planning of forest resources and for the exchange of energy in ecosystems. The use of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating the production of above ground wood biomass (AGWB) of short rotation forestry (SRF) brings an important technological leap among indirect (non-destructive) methods. TLS technology is justified when destructive methods become difficult to implement, and allometric equations do not provide accurate information. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the biomass productivity on tree parts in short rotation forestry with TLS technology. Measuring the hybrid poplars crops by TLS may have the following consequences: (1) Higher accuracy of the estimate of biomass production in the SRF; (2) cost and time effective measurements over the biomass of tree parts; (3) new and validated allometric equations for SRF in NE Romania; (4) solid instrument for industry to estimate biomass. TLS technology gives accurate estimates for DBH, tree height and location, as much as the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume can be determined. The accuracy of these values depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. The research will contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of hybrid crops.

scholarly journals Assessment of Stem Volume on Plots Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner: A Precision Forestry Application

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
Azadeh Abdollahnejad ◽  
Martin Slavík
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Precision Forestry ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
European Oak

Timber volume is an important asset, not only as an ecological component, but also as a key source of present and future revenues, which requires precise estimates. We used the Trimble TX8 survey-grade terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to create a detailed 3D point cloud for extracting total tree height and diameter at breast height (1.3 m; DBH). We compared two different methods to accurately estimate total tree heights: the first method was based on a modified version of the local maxima algorithm for treetop detection, “HTTD”, and for the second method we used the centers of stem cross-sections at stump height (30 cm), “HTSP”. DBH was estimated by a computationally robust algebraic circle-fitting algorithm through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). This study aimed to assess the accuracy of these descriptors for evaluating total stem volume by comparing the results with the reference tree measurements. The difference between the estimated total stem volume from HTTD and measured stems was 2.732 m3 for European oak and 2.971 m3 for Norway spruce; differences between the estimated volume from HTSP and measured stems was 1.228 m3 and 2.006 m3 for European oak and Norway spruce, respectively. The coefficient of determination indicated a strong relationship between the measured and estimated total stem volumes from both height estimation methods with an R2 = 0.89 for HTTD and R2 = 0.87 for HTSP for European oak, and R2 = 0.98 for both HTTD and HTSP for Norway spruce. Our study has demonstrated the feasibility of finer-resolution remote sensing data for semi-automatic stem volumetric modeling of small-scale studies with high accuracy as a potential advancement in precision forestry.

scholarly journals Estimating tree stem diameters and volume from smartphone photogrammetric point clouds

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Immacolata Marzulli ◽  
Pasi Raumonen ◽  
Roberto Greco ◽  
Manuela Persia ◽  
Patrizia Tartarino
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Scale Point

Abstract Methods for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of forest trees have been suggested for data from active and passive sensors. Laser scanner technologies have become popular in the last few years, despite their high costs. Since the improvements in photogrammetric algorithms (e.g. structure from motion—SfM), photographs have become a new low-cost source of 3D point clouds. In this study, we use images captured by a smartphone camera to calculate dense point clouds of a forest plot using SfM. Eighteen point clouds were produced by changing the densification parameters (Image scale, Point density, Minimum number of matches) in order to investigate their influence on the quality of the point clouds produced. In order to estimate diameter at breast height (d.b.h.) and stem volumes, we developed an automatic method that extracts the stems from the point cloud and then models them with cylinders. The results show that Image scale is the most influential parameter in terms of identifying and extracting trees from the point clouds. The best performance with cylinder modelling from point clouds compared to field data had an RMSE of 1.9 cm and 0.094 m3, for d.b.h. and volume, respectively. Thus, for forest management and planning purposes, it is possible to use our photogrammetric and modelling methods to measure d.b.h., stem volume and possibly other forest inventory metrics, rapidly and without felling trees. The proposed methodology significantly reduces working time in the field, using ‘non-professional’ instruments and automating estimates of dendrometric parameters.

Sampling methods for estimating stem volume and volume increment

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Gregoire ◽  
Harry T. Valentine ◽  
George M. Furnival
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Increment

scholarly journals Biomass and Volume Modeling along with Carbon Concentration Variations of Short-Rotation Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihu Dong ◽  
Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo ◽  
Longfei Xie ◽  
Fengri Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Volume Models

Short-rotation forestry is of interest to provide biomass for bioenergy and act as a carbon sink to mitigate global warming. The Poplar tree (Populus × xiaohei) is a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species in Northeast China. In this study, a total of 128 Populus × xiaohei trees from the Songnen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China, were harvested. Several available independent variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (D), tree’s total height (H), crown width (CW), and crown length (CL), were differently combined to develop three additive biomass model systems and eight stem volume models for Populus × xiaohei tree. Variance explained within the three additive biomass model systems ranged from 83% to 98%, which was lowest for the foliage models, and highest for the stem biomass models. Similar findings were found in the stem volume models, in which the models explained more than 94% of the variance. The additional predictors, such as H, CL, or CW, evidently enhanced the model fitting and performance for the total and components biomass along with the stem volume models. Furthermore, the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) of the root (118.2 kg/m3), stem (380.2 kg/m3), branch (90.7 kg/m3), and foliage (31.2 kg/m3) were also calculated. The carbon concentrations of Populus × xiaohei in root, stem, branch, and foliage components were 45.98%, 47.74%, 48.32%, and 48.46%, respectively. Overall, the newly established models in this study provided complete and comprehensive tools for quantifying the biomass and stem volume of Populus × xiaohei, which might be essential to be specifically utilized in the Chinese National Forest Inventory.

Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽  
B. M. Wiard ◽  
J. H. Braatne ◽  
T. M. Hinckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

Relationships between crown dimensions and stem development in Fraxinusexcelsior

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Ottorini ◽  
Noël Le Goff ◽  
Catherine Cluzeau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Branching Angle ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Stem Surface Area

In this study, the relationships between crown development and stem volume increment of ash (Fraxinusexcelsior L.) were considered in the framework of a project where modelling and computer simulation should be used to gain insight into the dynamics of even-aged ash stands. Twenty trees, of various development stages and competition status, were felled and subjected to stem and branch analysis. The relationships established in a previous study between stem elongation, branch growth, and branching angle (based on these measurements), together with the characteristic pattern of variation of stem cross-sectional area increment along the stem (Pressler's Law), allowed the reconstruction of the past development of tree crowns. The quantity of foliage in tree crowns was estimated by a "foliar volume" calculated as the product of crown surface projection area and height growth, for each growing year considered. This foliar volume was used together with a relative foliar volume based on the stem surface area to obtain a prediction equation for annual stem volume increment.

Changes in soil nitrogen concentration around Alnusglutinosa in a mixed, short-rotation plantation with hybrid Populus

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey O. Dawson ◽  
Paul J. Dzialowy ◽  
George Z. Gertner ◽  
Edward A. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mixed Plantation

Soil nitrogen concentration around AlnusglutinosaL. (Gaertn.) stems differed significantly both spatially and with the proportion of hybrid Populus in a 4-year-old mixed plantation near Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Single rows of Alnus bounded by adjacent rows of hybrid Populus had the greatest increase and concentration of nitrogen in the top 16 cm of soil. Alnus, with an adjacent row of Populus and an adjacent row of Alnus, had less total nitrogen concentration in the soil and there was little significant increase in total nitrogen concentration. Where Alnus trees had a row of Alnus on either side, the total nitrogen concentration was least, having decreased significantly from concentrations in soil prior to tree planting. Soil nitrogen accretion and concentration was always highest in the top 4 cm of soil. Results are consistent with speculation that competition-induced stress from shading by Populus or Populus allelochemicals results in early accretion of nitrogen in soil around Alnus intermixed with Populus.

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