F124. Mapping the Neural Correlates of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Onto Research Domain Criteria: A Meta-Analysis of 226 Task-Related Functional Imaging Studies

Aversion to risk is a prominent factor in transdiagnostic theories of emotional problems, and it is included as an element in the research domain criteria. There is a plethora of risk scales across different domains, but most of these have notable shortcomings or are not suited for use in mental health research. The present study describes the development of the Risk Orientation Scale. Content was drawn from previous risk scales and separate classifications of risk. The factor structure of the ROS was derived in a clinically relevant sample and confirmed in two other independent non-clinical samples. The final 15-item ROS was found to have an adequate three-factor structure across clinical, general population and undergraduate student samples. Total and subscale scores covaried in the predicted direction with measures of risk taking behavior, underlying orientation towards reward and punishment, and clinical anxiety-relevant measures that have been theoretically linked to risk. The findings on the ROS thus support the idea that aversion to risk is a process that underlies anxiety disorders. The ROS can provide a brief and valid measure of this in both clinical and non-clinical populations. As it provides risk orientation towards specific domains, it can potentially aid in guiding clinicians in targeting important underlying mechanism in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

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Transdiagnostic and disease-specific abnormalities in the default-mode network hubs in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional imaging studies

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gaelle E. Doucet ◽

Delfina Janiri ◽

Rebecca Howard ◽

Madeline O’Brien ◽

Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Functional Integration ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Default Mode ◽

Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽

Disease Specific

Abstract Background. The default mode network (DMN) dysfunction has emerged as a consistent biological correlate of multiple psychiatric disorders. Specifically, there is evidence of alterations in DMN cohesiveness in schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to synthesize at a fine spatial resolution the intra-network functional connectivity of the DMN in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, capitalizing on powerful meta-analytic tools provided by activation likelihood estimation. Methods. Results from 70 whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging articles published during the last 15 years were included comprising observations from 2,789 patients and 3,002 healthy controls. Results. Specific regional changes in DMN cohesiveness located in the anteromedial and posteromedial cortex emerged as shared and trans-diagnostic brain phenotypes. Disease-specific dysconnectivity was also identified. Unmedicated patients showed more DMN functional alterations, highlighting the importance of interventions targeting the functional integration of the DMN. Conclusion. This study highlights functional alteration in the major hubs of the DMN, suggesting common abnormalities in self-referential mental activity across psychiatric disorders.

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Disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796019000271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 371-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cinzia Perlini ◽

Marcella Bellani ◽

Maria Gloria Rossetti ◽

Niccolò Zovetti ◽

Giulia Rossin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Attachment Style ◽

Functional Imaging ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Wide Range

AbstractSince its development and theorisation in the 60s, attachment theory has greatly influenced both clinical and developmental psychology suggesting the existence of complex dynamics based on the relationship between an infant and its caregiver, that affects personality traits and interpersonal relationships in adulthood. Many studies have been conducted to explore the association between attachment styles and psychosocial functioning and mental health. By contrast, only a few studies have investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of attachment style, showing mixed results. Therefore, in this review, we described current evidence from structural and functional imaging studies with the final aim to disentangle the neural correlates of attachment style in healthy individuals. Overall, different attachment styles have been correlated with volumetric alterations mainly in the cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and anterior temporal pole. Consistently, functional imaging studies suggested patterns of activations in fronto-striatal-limbic circuits during the processing of social and attachment-related stimuli. Further studies are needed to clarify the neurobiological signature of attachment style, possibly taking into consideration a wide range of demographic, psychosocial and clinical factors that may mediate the associations between the style of attachment and brain systems (e.g., gender, personality traits, psychosocial functioning, early-life experience).

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