Formalizing the Relationship Between Early Life Adversity and Addiction Vulnerability: The Role of Memory Sampling

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate associations between maternal and paternal externalising, experiences of early life adversity (ELA), internalising and externalising in adult offspring, and the role of sex. Using data collected in wave three of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) we utilised structural equation modelling to test a hypothesised moderated mediation model associating maternal and paternal externalising, and internalising and externalising in offspring, mediated by early life adversities and moderated by sex. Our study included a total of n=26,728 participants which were randomly split into two groups and analysed separately to test whether it was possible to replicate our own results. No direct association was demonstrated between maternal externalising or paternal externalising and internalising or externalising in offspring; experiences of ELA were associated only with internalising in offspring, but not with externalising; ELA was associated with maternal externalising and paternal externalising in females only. The relationship between paternal externalising and internalising in male offspring was mediated by ELA, as was the relationship between maternal externalising and internalising in male offspring. The relationship between parental externalising and internalising in females however was not mediated by ELA. Results did not provide support for the study’s hypotheses.</p>

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Internalising and Externalising in Parents and Offspring: The Impact of Sex and Early Life Adversity

10.26686/wgtn.15089964.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emerald O'Neill-Murchison

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Moderated Mediation Model ◽

Epidemiologic Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate associations between maternal and paternal externalising, experiences of early life adversity (ELA), internalising and externalising in adult offspring, and the role of sex. Using data collected in wave three of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) we utilised structural equation modelling to test a hypothesised moderated mediation model associating maternal and paternal externalising, and internalising and externalising in offspring, mediated by early life adversities and moderated by sex. Our study included a total of n=26,728 participants which were randomly split into two groups and analysed separately to test whether it was possible to replicate our own results. No direct association was demonstrated between maternal externalising or paternal externalising and internalising or externalising in offspring; experiences of ELA were associated only with internalising in offspring, but not with externalising; ELA was associated with maternal externalising and paternal externalising in females only. The relationship between paternal externalising and internalising in male offspring was mediated by ELA, as was the relationship between maternal externalising and internalising in male offspring. The relationship between parental externalising and internalising in females however was not mediated by ELA. Results did not provide support for the study’s hypotheses.</p>

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Gene regulation contributes to explain the impact of early life socioeconomic disadvantage on adult inflammatory levels in two cohort studies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82714-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cristian Carmeli ◽

Zoltán Kutalik ◽

Pashupati P. Mishra ◽

Eleonora Porcu ◽

Cyrille Delpierre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Gene Regulation ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Early Life ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIndividuals experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood have a higher rate of inflammation-related diseases decades later. Little is known about the mechanisms linking early life experiences to the functioning of the immune system in adulthood. To address this, we explore the relationship across social-to-biological layers of early life social exposures on levels of adulthood inflammation and the mediating role of gene regulatory mechanisms, epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling from blood, in 2,329 individuals from two European cohort studies. Consistently across both studies, we find transcriptional activity explains a substantive proportion (78% and 26%) of the estimated effect of early life disadvantaged social exposures on levels of adulthood inflammation. Furthermore, we show that mechanisms other than cis DNA methylation may regulate those transcriptional fingerprints. These results further our understanding of social-to-biological transitions by pinpointing the role of gene regulation that cannot fully be explained by differential cis DNA methylation.

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The serial mediational role of attachment and emotion regulation in the relationship between early life adverse experiences and self-harm in a group of individuals engaging in self-harm who interact in self-harm focused online platforms

European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation ◽

10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100259 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 100259

Author(s):

Rania Christoforou ◽

Nuno Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Early Life ◽

Online Platforms ◽

Adverse Experiences ◽

Self Harm ◽

Mediational Role ◽

The Relationship

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The differential calibration of the HPA axis as a function of trauma versus adversity: A systematic review and p-curve meta-analyses

10.31234/osf.io/qnyr8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Niki H. Kamkar ◽

Cassandra J Lowe ◽

J. Bruce Morton

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Early Life ◽

Life Experiences ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Cortisol Reactivity ◽

Evidential Value ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Although there is an abundance of evidence linking the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to adverse early-life experiences, the precise nature of the association remains unclear. Some evidence suggests early-life adversity leads to cortisol hyper-reactivity, while other evidence suggests adversity leads to cortisol hypo-reactivity. Here, we distinguish between trauma and adversity, and use p-curves to interrogate the conflicting literature. In Study 1, trauma was operationalized according to DSM-5 criteria; the p-curve analysis included 68 articles and revealed that the literature reporting associations between trauma and blunted cortisol reactivity contains evidential value. Study 2 examined the relationship between adversity and cortisol reactivity. Thirty articles were included in the analysis, and p-curve demonstrated that adversity is related to heightened cortisol reactivity. These results support an inverted U-shaped function relating severity of adversity and cortisol reactivity, and underscore the importance of distinguishing between “trauma” and “adversity”.

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