Assessing nitrogen transformation processes in a trickling filter under hydraulic loading rate constraints using nitrogen functional gene abundances

Despite the widespread use of trickling filters, there has been minimal investigation of the fate of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in such systems. A model describing the fate of VOCs in trickling filters is described. The removal of VOCs was investigated in a pilot-scale trickling filter receiving a feed of sewage dosed with a constant concentration of selected VOCs. Increasing hydraulic loading tended to increase the proportion of influent VOCs found in the effluent. Imposing effluent recycle also increased the fraction of VOCs found in the effluent but also decreased the fraction stripped and increased the fraction that was biodegraded. The values of the biodegradation coefficient, Kb, were found to be reproducible and affected by a combination of high hydraulic loading rate and effluent recycle.

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Performance evaluation of a novel open trickling filter for the post-treatment of anaerobic effluents from small communities

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.195 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2746-2752 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. C. Vieira ◽

M. von Sperling ◽

L. C. M. Nogueira ◽

B. F. S. Assis

Keyword(s):

Loading Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Trickling Filter ◽

Small Communities ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Removal Efficiencies

The objective of the work is to evaluate the performance of an innovative design of a trickling filter for small population sizes, which has been implemented for the post-treatment of sanitary effluent from a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor. The unit, named open trickling filter (OTF), operates with no side walls, no perforated bottom slab and no secondary settler. The OTF packing was 3.5 m high, composed of crushed stone, with a fixed distribution system made of channels with V-notch weirs. The OTF was operated with mean surface hydraulic loading rates of 4.1 and 9.3 m3 m−2 d−1, corresponding to population equivalents of approximately 250 and 550 inhabitants, respectively. For the surface hydraulic loading rate of 4.1 m3 m−2 d−1, the median removal efficiencies obtained by the OTF and overall system (UASB + OTF) were, respectively, 24 and 83% for total suspended solids (TSS), 44 and 79% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 42 and 82% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 40 and 40% for N-ammonia. For the surface hydraulic loading rate of 9.3 m3 m−2 d−1, the median removal efficiencies obtained by the OTF and global system (UASB + OTF) were 14 and 76% for TSS, 28 and 76% for COD, 25 and 86% for BOD, 15 and 15% for N-ammonia. Considering the great simplicity, no mechanization and small footprint of the system, these results can be considered satisfactory, suggesting that the OTF is suitable for small communities, especially in developing countries.

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PEMANFAATAN TANAH VULKANIK DALAM SISTEM MULTIPLE SOIL LAYERING (MSL) TERHADAP PEMURNIAN AIR IRIGASI TERPOLUSI

Jurnal BiBieT ◽

10.22216/jbbt.v2i1.3085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Welly Herman ◽

Darmawan Darmawan ◽

Gusnidar Gusnidar

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Quality Standard ◽

High Ability ◽

Volcanic Soil ◽

Soil Mixture ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Soil Layering ◽

Mesh Sieve

The research aimed to make Volcanic soil of Multiple Soil Layering (MSL) with different Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) on the purification of polluted irrigation water and to determine the appropriate HLR against purification of polluted irrigation water. The research used an MSL system of the same Soil Mixture Block (SMB) size from a study done by (Chen et al., 2007) arranged in an Acrylic box measuring 50 cm x 10 cm x 60 cm (PxLxT). Making SMB is done by mixing volcanic soil, sawdust, iron, charcoal that has been mashed by 50 mesh sieve, with a combination of 7: 1: 1: 1. The MSL system is supplied with irrigation water taken from the Gunuang Nago irrigation and Pasar Baru area, Cupak Tangah village, Pauh IX sub-district, Padang continuously with different HLR of 250 L/m2/day, 500 L/m2/ day and 1000 L/m2/day. From the result of this research, it is found that MSL system can decrease pollutant content in polluted irrigation water until the concentration below the water quality standard based on PP. 82 of 2001 and MSL system with HLR 250 L/m2/day have high ability in purifying BOD and COD and HLR 1000 L/m2/day has a high ability in purifying NH4+, NO2- and NO3- on polluted irrigation water. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh tanah vulkanik dalam sistem Multiple Soil Layering (MSL) dengan Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) yang berbeda terhadap pemurnian air irigasi terpolusi. Penelitian menggunakan sistem MSL dengan ukuran Soil Mixture Block (SMB) yang sama dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan (Chen, Sato, Wakatsuki, & Masunaga, 2007)yang disusun di dalam kotak Acrylic berukuran 50 cm x 10 cm x 60 cm (PxLxT). Soil Mixture Block terdiri dari tanah vulkanik, serbuk gergaji, besi, arang yang telah dihaluskan oleh ayakan 50 mesh, dengan perbandingan kombinasi 7:1:1:1. Sistem MSL dialirkan air irigasi yang diambil dari irigasi Gunuang Nago dan Kawasan Pasar Baru, Kelurahan Cupak Tangah, Kecamatan Pauh IX, Padang secara terus menerus dengan HLR yang berbeda yaitu 250 L/m2/hari, 500 L/m2/hari dan 1000 L/m2/hari. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sistem MSL mampu menurunkan kandungan zat pencemar pada air irigasi terpolusi mencapai kosentrasi di bawah baku mutu air berdasarkan PP No. 82 tahun 2001 dengan HLR 250 L/m2/hari mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi dalam memurnikan kadar pencemar BOD dan COD sedangkan HLR 1000 L/m2/hari mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi dalam memurnikan kadar pencemar NH4+, NO2- dan NO3- pada air irigasi terpolusi.

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Aeration characteristics of a rectangular stepped cascade system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.828 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 415-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sanjib Moulick ◽

Naresh V. Tambada ◽

Basant K. Singh ◽

B. C. Mal

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Step Height ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Aeration Efficiency ◽

Stepped Cascade ◽

Independent Parameters

Aeration experiments, maintaining nappe flow conditions, were carried out on a rectangular stepped cascade of total height 3.0 m to determine the total number of steps, slope of the entire cascade and hydraulic loading rate at which maximum overall aeration efficiency occurs, keeping the surface area of individual steps constant. Based on dimensional analysis, the overall aeration efficiency at standard conditions (E20) was expressed as a function of square of total number of steps (N2) and dimensionless discharge (dc/h), where dc and h represent critical depth in a rectangular prismatic channel and individual step height respectively. An empirical equation with E20 as the response and N2 and dc/h as the independent parameters was developed based on the experimental results subject to 36 ≤ N2 ≤ 196 and 0.009 ≤ dc/h ≤ 0.144. The experimental results showed that the overall aeration efficiency (E20) for a particular step height of stepped cascade increases with increase in dc/h up to a certain value and then decreases. This may be due to at higher dc/h, i.e., at higher hydraulic loading rate, the flow approaches the transition zone and thereby aeration efficiency decreases. E20 was also found to increase with number of steps at any hydraulic loading rate, because of the increased surface area of fall. The optimum number of steps, slope of the entire stepped cascade and hydraulic loading rate were found to be 14, 0.351 and 0.009 m2/s respectively producing the maximum value of overall aeration efficiency of 0.90.

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Impact of hydraulic loading rate and media type on removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent in a laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.242 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 217-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chol D. T. Abel ◽

Saroj K. Sharma ◽

Ervin Buçpapaj ◽

Maria D. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Reduction ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Media Type ◽

Bulk Organic Matter

The effect of hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and media type on the removal of bulk organic matter and nitrogen from primary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was investigated by conducting laboratory-scale soil column studies. Two soil columns packed with silica sand were operated at HLRs of 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, while a third column was packed with dune filtering material and operated at HLR of 1.25 m/d. Bulk organic matter was effectively removed by 47.5 ± 1.2% and 45.1 ± 1.2% in silica sand columns operated at 0.625 and 1.25 m/d, respectively and 57.3 ± 7.6% in dune filtering material column operated at 1.25 m/d. Ammonium-nitrogen reduction of 74.5 ± 18.0% was achieved at 0.625 m/d compared to 39.1 ± 4.3% at 1.25 m/d in silica sand columns, whereas 49.2 ± 5.2% ammonium-nitrogen reduction was attained at 1.25 m/d in the dune filtering material column. Ammonium-nitrogen reduction in the first 3 m was assumed to be dominated by nitrification process evidenced by corresponding increase in nitrate. Part of the ammonium-nitrogen was adsorbed onto the media, which was observed at higher rates between 3 and 5 m in silica sand column operated at HLR of 0.625 m/d and dune filtering material column operated at 1.25 m/d compared to 1.25 m/d silica.

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Effect of aeration and hydraulic loading rate on nitrogen removal by subsurface infiltration systems

Water Environment Research ◽

10.1002/wer.1030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 399-406

Author(s):

Fanping Zheng ◽

Linli Huang ◽

Jing Pan ◽

Shiyue Qi ◽

Chaoquan Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading

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Influence of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Horizontal Zeolite Wetland Effluent Quality

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.659 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 573-574 ◽

pp. 659-662

Author(s):

Hao Wang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Secondary Effluent ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Hydraulic Loading

In Tangshan area, the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants was used for this study. Horizontal zeolite wetland was carried out treating it. Hydraulic loading rate was the parameters for analyzing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of pollutants from the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Zeolite constructed wetlands showed different behaviors for nitrogen and phosphorus removals.Under the optimum hydraulic loading rate, the primary pollutions were removed to a large extent.

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Effects of Hydraulic Loading Rate on Nutrient Removal in Multi-Stage Constructed Wetland

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1498 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 1498-1502

Author(s):

Qing Feng Chen ◽

Wen Guo Dong ◽

Jun Jian Ma ◽

Qing Li ◽

Xin Guo Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Optimal Parameter ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Operational Parameter ◽

Hydraulic Loading Rate ◽

Hydraulic Loading ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Operation Period ◽

D 12

Hydraulic loading rate (HLR) is an important operational parameter for constructed wetland to purify wastewater. In this paper, it is the main objective to select the optimal parameter of HLR. During the four HLRs (i.e., 6 cm/d, 12 cm/d, 24 cm/d and 48 cm/d) operation period, six days were used as one stage. The experimental results showed that the best average removal rates of CODcr (59.7%) and NH3-N (89.4%) were at the HLR of 6 cm/d. In the meantime, the best average removal rate of total phosphorus (TP, 50.0%) was at the HLR of 24 cm/d. According to the low influent TP concentration, it is suggested that the HLR of 6 cm/d should be used in the multi-stage constructed wetland.

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