Effect of short term external perturbations on bacterial ecology and activities in a partial nitritation and anammox reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Wu ◽  
Ananda S. Bhattacharjee ◽  
David G. Weissbrodt ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
Ramesh Goel
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Bacterial Ecology

An Examination of the Overall Stability of an XRF Spectrometer with Special Reference to Fourier Analysis of Temporal Variation

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
T. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Source Of Error

In any analytical method, one of the first considerations in obtaining precise and accurate results is the stability of the instrument. Progressive refinement in design and manufacturing techniques over many years has led to short-term stability of X-ray generation, transmission and detection in XRF spectrometers of a magnitude such that, in favourable cases, the random process of emission (and to some extent, absorption) is the major source of error; superimposed on this, however, are other variations, some of them periodic.Many processes modify the intensity of X-rays recorded by a spectrometer's sealer and timer: besides those produced by the instrument itself there are potential external perturbations perhaps reverting to electricity generating stations or even further. More important effects may be caused by local features such as ambient temperature and pressure, and in the case of improper setting of machine conditions or of existence of a fault, enhancement may be observed.

Start-up and performance of partial nitritation process using short-term starvation

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ye ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Huiping Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Persistent states in vision break universality and time invariance

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (48) ◽  
pp. 14990-14995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wexler ◽  
Marianne Duyck ◽  
Pascal Mamassian
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
External Perturbations ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Time Invariance ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

Studies of perception usually emphasize processes that are largely universal across observers and—except for short-term fluctuations—stationary over time. Here we test the universality and stationarity assumptions with two families of ambiguous visual stimuli. Each stimulus can be perceived in two different ways, parameterized by two opposite directions from a continuous circular variable. A large-sample study showed that almost all observers have preferred directions or biases, with directions lying within 90 degrees of the bias direction nearly always perceived and opposite directions almost never perceived. The biases differ dramatically from one observer to the next, and although nearly every bias direction occurs in the population, the population distributions of the biases are nonuniform, featuring asymmetric peaks in the cardinal directions. The biases for the two families of stimuli are independent and have distinct population distributions. Following external perturbations and spontaneous fluctuations, the biases decay over tens of seconds toward their initial values. Persistent changes in the biases are found on time scales of several minutes to 1 hour. On scales of days to months, the biases undergo a variety of dynamical processes such as drifts, jumps, and oscillations. The global statistics of a majority of these long-term time series are well modeled as random walk processes. The measurable fluctuations of these hitherto unknown degrees of freedom show that the assumptions of universality and stationarity in perception may be unwarranted and that models of perception must include both directly observable variables as well as covert, persistent states.

Partial Nitritation-Anammox Granules: Short-Term Inhibitory Effects of Seven Metals on Anammox Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángeles Val del Río ◽  
Tulio da Silva ◽  
Tiago Henrique Martins ◽  
Eugenio Foresti ◽  
José Luis Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Anammox Activity

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

Polychlorinated biphenyl induced hepatocyte alterations

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
D.N. Collins ◽  
J.N. Turner ◽  
K.O. Brosch ◽  
R.F. Seegal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
The Brain

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a ubiquitous class of environmental pollutants with toxic and hepatocellular effects, including accumulation of fat, proliferated smooth endoplasmic recticulum (SER), and concentric membrane arrays (CMAs) (1-3). The CMAs appear to be a membrane storage and degeneration organelle composed of a large number of concentric membrane layers usually surrounding one or more lipid droplets often with internalized membrane fragments (3). The present study documents liver alteration after a short term single dose exposure to PCBs with high chlorine content, and correlates them with reported animal weights and central nervous system (CNS) measures. In the brain PCB congeners were concentrated in particular regions (4) while catecholamine concentrations were decreased (4-6). Urinary levels of homovanillic acid a dopamine metabolite were evaluated (7).Wistar rats were gavaged with corn oil (6 controls), or with a 1:1 mixture of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 in corn oil at 500 or 1000 mg total PCB/kg (6 at each level).

Acetaminophen: Macula densa hypersecretory activity by induced hepatotoxicity

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 934-935
Author(s):  
S.S. Poolsawat ◽  
C.A. Huerta ◽  
S.TY. Lae ◽  
G.A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Toxic Responses

Introduction. Experimental induction of altered histology by chemical toxins is of particular importance if its outcome resembles histopathological phenomena. Hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are agents that can be converted by the liver into various metabolites which consequently evoke toxic responses. Very often, these drugs are intentionally administered to resolve an illness unrelated to liver function. Because of hepatic detoxification, the resulting metabolites are suggested to be integrated into the macromolecular processes of liver function and cause an array of cellular and tissue alterations, such as increased cytoplasmic lysis, centrilobular and localized necroses, chronic inflammation and “foam cell” proliferation of the hepatic sinusoids (1-4).Most experimentally drug-induced toxicity studies have concentrated primarily on the hepatic response, frequently overlooking other physiological phenomena which are directly related to liver function. Categorically, many studies have been short-term effect investigations which seldom have followed up the complications to other tissues and organs when the liver has failed to function normally.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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