Highly efficient phytoremediation potential of metal and metalloids from the pulp paper industry waste employing Eclipta alba (L) and Alternanthera philoxeroide (L): Biosorption and pollution reduction

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

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Synthesis of highly-efficient functionalized biochars from fruit industry waste biomass for the removal of chromium and lead

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 268 ◽

pp. 315-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Sabolc Pap ◽

Veselin Bezanovic ◽

Jelena Radonic ◽

Anica Babic ◽

Sanja Saric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Biomass ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Highly Efficient

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Environmental Protection in the United States Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry: An Overview of Regulation of Wastewater Under the U.S. Clean Water Act

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0002 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca W. Hanmer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Clean Water Act ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

The United States ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Clean Water ◽

Pulp Paper

The pulp, paper, and paperboard industry in the United States is the larqest industrial user of water with half of the facilities discharging wastewater directly to our Nation's waters. The major pollutants of concern have historically been the conventional pollutants: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. Biological treatment systems are currently employed to reduce these pollutants. Sludges generated by these treatment systems have been categorized as nonhazardous and are generally landfilled. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated all the reguired regulations for this industry. The national regulations are applied to individual pulp and paper mills through permits issued by EPA Regional or State staff. Permit limits can be written that are more restrictive than the national regulations to protect local water guality. In its current projects concerning the pulp and paper industry, EPA is focusing on the reduction of toxic pollutants. The Agency is conducting a joint EPA/industry program to study dioxin discharges at bleached kraft mills. The Agency will also undertake a comprehensive review of the pulp and paper regulations in 1988.

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Sustainable hydrothermal self-assembly of hafnium–lignosulfonate nanohybrids for highly efficient reductive upgrading of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c8gc03710h ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1421-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shenghui Zhou ◽

Fanglin Dai ◽

Yian Chen ◽

Chao Dang ◽

Cunzhi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Highly Efficient

Lignosulfonate, a waste by-product from the paper industry, was simply assembled with HfCl4 to construct sustainable catalysts (Hf–LigS) for highly efficient reductive upgrading of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Isolated by Hybrid Organosolv—Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Hardwood and Softwood Biomass for the Production of Phenolics and Aromatics

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9110935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 935 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ioannis Charisteidis ◽

Polykarpos Lazaridis ◽

Apostolos Fotopoulos ◽

Eleni Pachatouridou ◽

Leonidas Matsakas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steam Explosion ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Lignin ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Pulp Paper ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Alkyl Phenols ◽

Biomass Sugars

Lignin, one of the three main structural biopolymers of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant natural source of aromatics with a great valorization potential towards the production of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Although kraft lignin and lignosulphonates, as byproducts of the pulp/paper industry, are available in vast amounts, other types of lignins, such as the organosolv or the hydrolysis lignin, are becoming increasingly important, as they are side-streams of new biorefinery processes aiming at the (bio)catalytic valorization of biomass sugars. Within this context, in this work, we studied the thermal (non-catalytic) and catalytic fast pyrolysis of softwood (spruce) and hardwood (birch) lignins, isolated by a hybrid organosolv–steam explosion biomass pretreatment method in order to investigate the effect of lignin origin/composition on product yields and lignin bio-oil composition. The catalysts studied were conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) zeolites and hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intracrystal mesopores (i.e., 9 and 45 nm) or nano-sized ZSM-5 with a high external surface. All ZSM-5 zeolites were active in converting the initially produced via thermal pyrolysis alkoxy-phenols (i.e., of guaiacyl and syringyl/guaiacyl type for spruce and birch lignin, respectively) towards BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) aromatics, alkyl-phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mainly naphthalenes), with the mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibiting higher dealkoxylation reactivity and being significantly more selective towards mono-aromatics compared to the conventional ZSM-5, for both spruce and birch lignin.

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Modelling and Advanced Control of Industrial Wood Waste Boilers

2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference ◽

10.1115/ijpgc2003-40042 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Richard H. Meeker ◽

Majura F. Selekwa

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Electric Utility ◽

Wood Waste ◽

Net Energy ◽

Robust Controller ◽

Pulp Paper ◽

Common Control ◽

Waste Incinerators

This paper describes recent work to develop an improved approach to control of wood-waste fired boilers, and, in particular, bark-fired boilers commonly in operation in the pulp and paper industry. A brief review of the process and control requirements and common control methods currently employed is followed by a discussion of development of a first-principles boiler model suitable for use in development of a robust controller. A simple nonlinear model for the boiler is developed and used for designing a robust controller that offers better performance in terms of tracking the desired reference point in the face of uncertain variations in the system parameters. The objective of the proposed controller is to increase the responsiveness to load changes, reduce the variability of controlled parameters, and improve efficiency of the boiler (reducing fuel consumption). With hundreds of these boilers in operation at large pulp, paper, and paperboard mills in the U.S., potential net energy savings through efficiency improvement and reduced fuel consumption are substantial, with likely side benefits of reduced emissions and possible reapplication of developments to fossil-fired electric utility boilers, waste incinerators, hog fuel, and biomass boilers.

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