WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

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Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

Agrienvi, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.36873/aev.v13i02.1771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Agrienvi

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Economic Value ◽

Forest Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wood Pellets ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Simple Technology

Energy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

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Utilization of Delignified Sawdust as Raw Material of Biogas Production

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815603054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 03054 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asfarina Zumalla ◽

Budiyono ◽

Siswo Sumardiono

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Wood Sawdust ◽

The Right

Biogas is one alternative to replace the irreplaceable energy source that has begun to diminish its existence. The raw materials for biogas manufacture are renewable biomass, usually using plantation waste, agriculture, and livestock. Using biogas can also reduce environmental pollution. One of the agricultural waste that has great potential to become the raw material of biogas is teak sawdust. Wood processing industry in Indonesia quite a lot, but wood has a high lignosesluosa content, so it needs the right method to process it. With the delignification of lignin levels on teak sawdust will decrease. Wood sawdust is soaked using NaOH for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days with 4% w / v concentration. The lowest lignin and hemicellulose content was 25.79% and 87.9% in pretreatment for 4 days, while the highest cellulose level was 57, 34%. The accumulated volume of biogas at 1 day pretreatment, ie 709 ml / g TS. Gcms shows the enlarged peak area of methanamine, N-methyl from before pretreatment. The fastest biogas formation (λ) in 4 days pretreatment, 1.60403 days and the largest constant A and U variables at 1 day were 914.5903 ml / g TS and 34.59765 ml / g TS.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36873/ae , Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

Agrienvi, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.36873/aev.v13i02.725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 22-30

Author(s):

Agrienvi

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Forest Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wood Pellets ◽

Oil Reserves ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries to immediatelyproduce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are an alternative energysource. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pellets from the exploitationwaste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps, sawdust and bark,agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce a higher economicvalue. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energy needs. Theopportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests in Indonesia and thelarge amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitation waste. Equipment, rawmaterials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to the public so that they can beapplied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material for making pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

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Alpian, Yanciluk, dan Wahyu Supriyati

Agrienvi, Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.36873/aev.v13i02.659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Agrienvi

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Economic Value ◽

Forest Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Wood Pellets ◽

Oil Reserves ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Simple Technology

ABSTRACTEnergy demand increase follow to population growth factors, high exploration costs, rising world oil prices andthe difficulty of finding sources of oil reserves. These factors cause the governments of several countries toimmediately produce alternative energy that is renewable and environmentally friendly. Wood pellets are analternative energy source. The availability of raw materials is very easy to obtain. Raw materials for wood pelletsfrom the exploitation waste such as logging residues, branches and twigs, wood industry waste such as scraps,sawdust and bark, agricultural waste such as straw and husks. Waste that is developed into a product will produce ahigher economic value. Making pellets from wood waste is an alternative energy material for meeting people's energyneeds. The opportunity to develop wood pellets as fuel is wide open because of the vast potential of forests inIndonesia and the large amount of waste from forest products, both from timber industry waste and exploitationwaste. Equipment, raw materials and the process of making pellets in a simple manner need to be socialized to thepublic so that they can be applied especially for the utilization of potential waste that can be used as raw material formaking pellets.Keywords : wood pellets, waste, simple technology, renewable energy

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Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.10.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽

Nissa Nur Azizah ◽

Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Literature Review ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

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Bioremediation of Nitrite from Brackishwater Using Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste – Bagasse

Asian Fisheries Science ◽

10.33997/j.afs.2006.19.4.010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

Author(s):

KISHORE K. KRISHNANI ◽

V. PARIMALA ◽

B.P. GUPTA ◽

I.S. AZAD ◽

M.S. SHEKHAR

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Water Characteristics ◽

Nitrite Removal ◽

Sugar Mills ◽

Aquaculture Water

Bagasse is a complex native lignocellulosic agricultural waste left after extraction of juice from sugar cane in sugar mills. Bagasse is commonly used as a captive boiler fuel aside from its minor use as a raw material in the paper industry and in low-value products. There remains an ever present need to convert this material to useful value added products, which is an objective of our continued research. The aim of the present study is to investigate four different materials prepared from bagasse for the removal of nitrite from shrimp farm brackishwater (salinity 27±1 ppt) in laboratory condition. The experimental results showed that nitrite removal is effective using bagasse materials with the dose of 1 and 3 g•L-1. Raw bagasse fiber was found to be most effective followed by dried bagasse powder, which can be attributed to the rapid increase in bacterial counts and periphytic growth combined with ion exchange mechanism. Effect of bagasse materials on other water characteristics such as pH, salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and phosphates has also been studied. The very low cost of lignocellulosic materials is a real advantage that renders it as a suitable alternative for the remediation of nitrite from aquaculture water.

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Production of briquettes from Indonesia agricultural biomass waste by using pyrolysis process and comparing the characteristics

Eksergi ◽

10.31315/e.v0i0.4572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Sri Wahyu Murni ◽

Tutik Muji Setyoningrum ◽

Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Matter Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Stem Wood

Indonesia biomass waste is a potential feedstock as a source of renewable energy since it can be converted into carcoal briquettes. However, the production of the briquettes using pyrolysis process using the agricultural waste was lacking. In this research, briquette was made from palm shells, corncob and soybean stem wood due to its high availability and have high cellulose content. The purpose of this research was to produce briquettes from three kind of raw materials by employing pyrolysis process and compared the characteristics. The briquette was made from different type of raw materials (palm shells, corncob and soybean stem) and the concentration of binder : 3-7 %. Pyrolysis was done at 500 °C, and 100 kg / cm2 of pressing pressure. Results showed that, the best charcoal briquette was achieved from palm shells by using 5% binder, which resulted 4,1% moisture content, 3.4% ash content, 15% volatile matter content, 77.5% carbon content, 7075 cal/g calorific value and 1.4 kg/cm2 compresive strength. It is found that the concentration of binder and raw material influenced the quality of the briquettes. In overall, the production of the briquettes by employing pyrolysis method could meet the standard.

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TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF UNTUK INDUSTRI

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v2i2.1146 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Effendi Arsad

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

Raw Material ◽

Petroleum Chemical ◽

Materials Used ◽

Chemical Materials

The activated carbon is very important for has processed product activated carbon. In south Kalimantan has a big prospects due to the big potential of the raw material provided by the nature and industrial waste. There are a lot of raw materials that can be used for the manufacture of activated carbon such as agricultural waste, sugarcane waste, waste of sawn timber, lives stock waste and coal processing waste.Manufacture of activated carbon can be done in ways: chemical and physical processes. Activation is very important in the manufacture of activated carbon in addition to the raw materials used. Activated carbon is charcoal that has undergone changes in chemical properties and physical properties due to be activated with the activator chemical materials or can by heating at high temperatures, so that absorption , surface area, and the ability to absorb become as very good. Activated carbon is used as an absorbent to absorb heavy metals, in medicine and food, on liquor, petroleum chemical, shrimp farming, the sugar industry of gas purification, catalyst and fertilizer processing.Key wood : technology processed, activated carbon

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PROSPECT OF SEAWEED AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v7i3.1968 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anny Kustantiny

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Processing Technology ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pulp Industry ◽

Industry Research ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

The Government ◽

Pulp Processing

Seaweed is a commodity which has great potency to be developed and commonly used in food and non-food industry, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Currently, seaweed can also be utilized as raw material for pulp to support an environmental friendly paper industry. Research has been done by scientists from Korea who developed the processing technology of red algae by using extraction and bleaching process. The process is very simple, need less energy and environmental friendly chemical material. Red algae species which is used in this process is Gelidium amansii, which is very suitable for paper industry purposes and can be harvested in around 3 months, therefore this is different with wood pulp. There is a cooperation between Korea and Indonesiain producing Gelidium in Indonesia. This paper presents the assessment of red algae pulp processing technology and examines several matters that should be considered in developing red algae pulp industry in Indonesia. In term of resources, support from the government, universities and research institutions and acceptance of the industry.keywords : seaweed, red algae, extraction, paper, environment

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Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-Acetone Resins

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 887 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Shabliy ◽

Victor A. Klushin ◽

Nina V. Smirnova

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Condensation Reaction ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Synthesis Conditions

5-hydroxymethylfurfural-acetone (5-HMFA) resins are obtained on the basis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and acetone, that is, from monomers whose source of raw materials is renewable resources (agricultural waste). The 5-HMFA condensation reaction was carried out under various experimental conditions. The synthesis conditions for 5-HMFA were selected with a yield of the desired product of 51%. The resulting resins were pressed at various curing temperatures and tested for compressive strength and absorption of water. The optimum pressing temperature was set to 180 ° C. The resulting composites have a strength not inferior to the strength of phenol-formaldehyde resin composites, but have a 3 times higher water resistance.

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