Application of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor for optimization of biological carbon and nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor system

Sebuah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi peranan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) biosensor dalam proses optimasi proses pengolahan nutrien karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOD biosensor dapat dipergunakan untuk penentuan karbon organik, sehingga reduksi siklus SBR dapat dilakukan dan efisiensi proses meningkat. Pola konsumsi karbon organik ditemukan dengan adanya ‘tanda diam’ pada fase anoksik/ anaerobik, di mana dari tanda ini, fase aerobik dapat segera dimulai. Reduksi durasi siklus SBR dari 8 jam menjadi 4 jam meningkatkan efiesiensi pengolahan C, N dan P yang meningkat pula (hampir dua kali lebih tinggi).

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Excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge in sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 573-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao-ming Li ◽

Dong-bo Wang ◽

Qi Yang ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Jian-bin Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Ph Value ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Single Stage ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Nitrogen Accumulation ◽

Excess Nitrogen

It was occasionally found that a significant nitrogen loss in solution under neutral pH value in a sequencing batch reactor with a single-stage oxic process using synthetic wastewater, and then further studies were to verify the phenomenon of nitrogen loss and to investigate the pathway of nitrogen removal. The result showed that good performance of nitrogen removal was obtained in system. 0–7.28 mg L−1 ammonia, 0.08–0.38 mg L−1 nitrite and 0.94–2.12 mg L−1 nitrate were determined in effluent, respectively, when 29.85–35.65 mg L−1 ammonia was feeding as the sole nitrogen source in influent. Furthermore, a substantial nitrogen loss in solution (95% of nitrogen influent) coupled with a little gaseous nitrogen increase in off-gas (7% of nitrogen influent) was determined during a typical aerobic phase. In addition, about 322 mg nitrogen accumulation (84% of nitrogen influent) was detected in activated sludge. Based on nitrogen mass balance calculation, the unaccounted nitrogen fraction and the ratio of nitrogen accumulation in sludge/nitrogen loss in solution were 14.6 mg (3.7% of nitrogen influent) and 0.89, respectively. The facts indicated that the essential pathway of nitrogen loss in solution in this study was excess nitrogen accumulation in activated sludge.

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Micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) for efficient COD and nitrogen removal of high-concentration wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (9) ◽

pp. 1795-1807 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dejun Bian ◽

Zebing Nie ◽

Fan Wang ◽

Shengshu Ai ◽

Suiyi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Swirl Flow ◽

High Concentration ◽

Internal Circulation ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Pressure Swirl

Abstract A micro-pressure swirl reactor (MPSR) was developed for carbon and nitrogen removal of wastewater, in which dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient and internal circulation could be created by setting the aerators along one side of the reactor, and micro-pressure could be realized by sealing most of the top cap and increasing the outlet water level. In this study, velocity and DO distribution in the reactor was measured, removal performance treating high-concentration wastewater was investigated, and the main functional microorganisms were analyzed. The experiment results indicated that there was stable swirl flow and spatial DO gradient in MPSR. Operated in sequencing batch reactor mode, distinct biological environments spatially and temporally were created. Under the average influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 2,884 mg/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 184 mg/L, COD removal efficiency and removal loading was 98% and 1.8 kgCOD/(m3·d) respectively, and TN removal efficiency and removal loading reached up to 90% and 0.11 kgTN/(m3·d) respectively. With efficient utilization of DO and simpler configuration for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, the MPSR has the potential of treating high-concentration wastewater at lower cost.

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Performance of the anammox sequencing batch reactor treating synthetic and real landfill leachate

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184400179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 00179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariusz Tomaszewski ◽

Grzegorz Cema ◽

Tomasz Twardowski ◽

Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Anammox Activity ◽

Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is one of the most energy efficient and environmentally-friendly bioprocess for the treatment of the wastewater with high nitrogen concentration. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the high nitrogen loading rate (NLR) on the nitrogen removal in the laboratory-scale anammox sequencing batch reactor (SBR), during the shift from the synthetic wastewater to landfill leachate. In both cases with the increase of NLR from 0.5 to 1.1 – 1.2 kg N/m3d, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increases to about 1 kg N/m3d, but higher NLR caused substrates accumulation and affects anammox process efficiency. Maximum specific anammox activity was determined as 0.638 g N/g VSSd (NRR 1.023 kg N/m3d) and 0.594 g N/g VSSd (NRR 1.241 kg N/m3d) during synthetic and real wastewater treatment, respectively. Both values are similar and this is probably the nitrogen removal capacity of the used anammox biomass. This indicates, that landfill leachate did not influence the nitrogen removal capacity of the anammox process.

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Sequencing batch reactor treatment of tannery wastewater for carbon and nitrogen removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0244 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 219-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Murat ◽

E. Atesş Genceli ◽

R. Tasşli ◽

N. Artan ◽

D. Orhon

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Tannery Effluent ◽

Industrial District ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Start Up ◽

Evaluation Of System Performance

The paper evaluates the organic carbon and nitrogen removal performance of the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), technology for tannery wastewater. For this purpose, a pilot-scale SBR was installed on site to treat the plain-settled tannery effluent. The study involved wastewater characterization, start-up and operation of the reactor for carbon and nitrogen removal and model evaluation of system performance. Its removal efficiency was compared with that of the existing continuous-flow activated sludge system providing full treatment to wastewater from the Istanbul Tannery Organized Industrial District.

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Enrichment of Denitrifying Bacterial Community Using Nitrite as an Electron Acceptor for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renda Yao ◽

Quan Yuan ◽

Kaijun Wang

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Material Balance ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Specific Rate ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Balance Analysis

This work aimed to enrich a denitrifying bacterial community for economical denitrification via nitrite to provide the basic objects for enhancing nitrogen removal from wastewater. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with continuous nitrite and acetate feeding was operated by reasonably adjusting the supply rate based on the reaction rate, and at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, pH of 7.5 ± 0.2, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0 mg/L. The results revealed that the expected nitrite concentration can be achieved during the whole anoxic reaction period. The nitrite denitrification rate of nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater gradually increased from approximately 10 mg/(L h) to 275.35 mg/(L h) over 12 days (the specific rate increased from 3.83 mg/(g h) to 51.80 mg/(g h)). Correspondingly, the chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of reaction decreased from 7.9 to 2.7. Both nitrite and nitrate can be used as electron acceptors for denitrification. The mechanism of this operational mode was determined via material balance analysis of substrates in a typical cycle. High-throughput sequencing showed that the main bacterial community was related to denitrification, which accounted for 84.26% in the cultivated sludge, and was significantly higher than the 2.16% in the seed sludge.

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Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal using a litre-scale upflow microbial fuel cell

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.705 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ling-ling Zhao ◽

Tian-shun Song

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Microbial Fuel Cell ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Microbial Fuel Cells ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

A 10 L upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) was constructed for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal. During the 6-month operation, the UMFC constantly removed carbon and nitrogen, and then generated electricity with synthetic wastewater as substrate. At 5.0 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen, 100 Ω external resistance, and pH 6.5, the maximum power density (Pmax) and nitrification rate for the UMFC was 19.5 mW m−2 and 17.9 mg·(L d)−1, respectively. In addition, Pmax in the UMFC with chicken manure wastewater as substrate was 16 mW m−2, and a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 94.1% in the UMFC was achieved at 50 mM phosphate-buffered saline. Almost all ammonia in the cathode effluent was effectively degraded after biological denitrification in the UMFC cathode. The results can help to further develop pilot-scale microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal.

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Improving Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Reducing Effluent NOx - -N by an Oxygen-Limited Process Consisting of a Sequencing Batch Reactor and a Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijcre-2018-0147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Hajsardar ◽

Seyed Mehdi Borghei ◽

Amir Hessam Hassani ◽

Afshin Takdastan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

The Novel ◽

Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽

Do Concentration

Abstract A series of reactors including a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) were used for nitrogen removal. The aim of this study was simultaneous removal of NH4+-N and NOx–-N from synthetic wastewater. In the novel proposed method, the effluent from SBR was sequentially introduced into SBBR, which contained 0.030 m3 biofilm carriers, so the system operated under a paired sequence of aerobic-anoxic conditions. The effects of different carbon sources and aeration conditions were investigated. A low dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the biofilm depth of the fixed-bed process (SBBR) simulated the anoxic phase conditions. Accordingly, a portion of NH4+-N that was not converted to NO3–-N by the SBR process was converted to NO3–-N in the outer layer of the biofilm in the SBBR process. Further, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was achieved in the SBBR where NO2–-N was converted to N2 directly, before NO3–-N conversion (partial nitrification). The level of mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) was 2740 mg/l at the start of the experiments. The required carbon source (C: N ratio of 4) was provided by adding an internal carbon source (through step feeding) or ethanol. Firstly, as part of the system (SBR and SBBR), SBR operated at a DO level of 1 mg/l while SBBR operated at a DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l during Run-1. During Run-2, the system operated at the low DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l. When the source of carbon was ethanol, the nitrogen removal rate (RN) was higher than the operation with an internal carbon source. When the reactors were operated at the same DO concentration of 0.3 mg/l, 99.1 % of the ammonium was removed. The NO3–-N produced during the aerobic SBR operation of the novel method was removed in SBBR reactor by 8.3 %. The concentrations of NO3--N and NO2–-N in the SBBR effluent were reduced to 2.5 and 5.5 mg/l, respectively. Also, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 97.5 % by adding ethanol at the DO level of 0.3 mg/l. When C:N adjustment was carried out SND efficiency at C:N ratio of 6.5 reached to 99 %. The increasing nitrogen loading rate (NLR) to 0.554 kg N/m3 d decreased SND efficiency to 80.7 %.

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Biological treatment of leachate from stabilization of biodegradable municipal solid waste in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-020-02915-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Bernat ◽

M. Zaborowska ◽

M. Zielińska ◽

I. Wojnowska-Baryła ◽

W. Ignalewski

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Oxygen Content ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pollutant removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (with floating or submerged carriers) when treating nitrogen- and organic-rich real leachate generated during aerobic stabilization of the biodegradable municipal solid waste. A control reactor contained suspended activated sludge. The share of leachate in synthetic wastewater was 10%, which resulted in ratios of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand to total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the influent of ca. 11 and ca. 8.5, respectively. Regardless of whether the reactors contained carriers or not, the effectiveness of nitrification (84.2–84.3%) and of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (86.5–87.0%), biochemical oxygen demand (95.5–98.0%) and ammonium (88.9–89.3%) did not differ. However, the presence of carriers and their type determined in which phase of the cycle denitrification occurred. In the control reactor, denitrification took place during mixing phase with the effectiveness of ca. 43.2% (57.7% of the total nitrogen removal). During aeration, the oxygen content increased rapidly, thus reduced the possibility of simultaneous denitrification. In reactors with carriers, in the aeration phase, not only nitrification but also denitrification occurred. The increase in oxygen content in wastewater was slower, which could have caused dissolved oxygen gradients and anoxic zones in deeper layers of the biofilm and flocks. In the reactor with floating carriers, the effectiveness of denitrification and total nitrogen removal increased 1.23- and 1.10-times, respectively, as compared to the control reactor. The highest efficiencies (67.7% and 73.0%, respectively) were observed in the reactor with submerged carriers.

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A comparative study of an up-flow aerobic/anoxic sludge fixed film bioreactor and sequencing batch reactor with intermittent aeration in simultaneous nutrients (N, P) removal from synthetic wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.261 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 1044-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Mohammad Mansouri ◽

Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Retention Time ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Intermittent Aeration ◽

Fixed Film ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

P Removal

The performance of two bench scale activated sludge reactors with two feeding regimes, continuous fed (an up-flow aerobic/anoxic sludge fixed film (UAASFF) bioreactor) and batch fed (sequencing batch reactor (SBR)) with intermittent aeration, were evaluated for simultaneous nutrients (N, P) removal. Three significant variables (retention/reaction time, chemical oxygen demand (COD): N (nitrogen): P (phosphorus) ratio and aeration time) were selected for modeling, analyzing, and optimizing the process. At high retention time (≥6 h), two bioreactors showed comparable removal efficiencies, but at lower hydraulic retention time, the UAASFF bioreactor showed a better performance with higher nutrient removal efficiency than the SBR. The experimental results indicated that the total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal efficiency in the UAASFF increased from 70.84% to 79.2% when compared to SBR. It was also found that the COD removal efficiencies of both processes were over 87%, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 79.2% and 72.98% in UAASFF, and 71.2% and 68.9% in SBR, respectively.

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