Biomass to value-added products using microbial consortia with white-rot fungi

Lignocellulolytic white-rot fungi allow the bioconversion of agricultural wastes into value-added products that are used in a myriad of applications. The aim of this work was to use corn residues (Zea mays L.) to produce valuable products under solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Pleurotus ostreatus. White-rot fungus P. ostreatus was isolated from maize silage (MS) and thereafter it was inoculated on MS as substrate and compared with maize stover (MSt) and maize cobs (MC) to determine the best lignocellulosic substrate for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and extracellular protein. The MS gave the highest productivity of CMCase (368.2 U/mL), FPase (170.5 U/mL), laccase (11.4 U/mL), and MnPase (6.6 U/mL). This is compared to productivity on MSt of 222 U/mL, 50.2 U/mL, 4.55 U/mL, and 2.57 U/mL, respectively; and productivity on MC at the same incubation period as 150.5 U/mL, 48.2 U/mL, 3.58 U/mL, and 2.5 U/mL, respectively. The levels of enzyme production declined with increasing incubation period after 15 and 20 days using MS and MC, respectively, as substrates. Maximum liberated extracellular protein content (754 to 878 µg/mL) was recorded using MS, while a low amount (343 to 408 µg/mL) was liberated with using MSt and MC.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Polysaccharide and Biomass Production from Three White-Rot Fungi by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wood and Agro-Industrial Residues: A Kinetic Approach

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11101055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1055

Author(s):

Óscar J. Sánchez ◽

Sandra Montoya

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Lentinula Edodes ◽

Value Added ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

White Rot ◽

Industrial Residues ◽

Polysaccharide Production ◽

Value Added Products

Research Highlights: For the first time, a model was developed and applied for polysaccharide production from Trametes versicolor grown in agro-industrial and woody residues under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. Background and Objectives: Fungal biomass is an important biological resource for biotechnological applications. Basidiomycetes fungi can be grown and developed on lignocellulosic materials such as forestry, wood, and agro-industrial residues in order to produce value-added products like bioactive polysaccharides. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the C/N ratio and copper concentration on biomass and polysaccharide production during solid state fermentation (SSF), as well as on the consumption of cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin degradation, and to propose and validate a mathematical model to describe the overall SSF process. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out by growing three Basidiomycetes species (T. versicolor, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) on twelve formulations of solid substrates using mixtures of different inexpensive lignocellulosic residues such as oak sawdust, coconut fiber (hairs), coffee husks, and corn bran plus soybean oil, calcium carbonate, and two levels of copper(II) sulfate. Results: The three fungal species grew well on all substrate formulations. The statistical analysis of experimental data showed no significant effects on polysaccharide production, in the range of C/N and copper concentrations evaluated. Taking into account that the best polysaccharide production was obtained with T. versicolor (96.09 mg/g solid substrate), a mathematical model was proposed for this fungus to describe the behavior of the fermentation system from the obtained data of all the resulting combinations to reach the highest polysaccharide production by the fungus. Conclusions: The mathematical model disclosed in this work enabled to describe the growth and development of a higher basidiomycete under solid-state fermentation conditions on lignocellulosic substrates as well as the production of value-added products like polysaccharides with medicinal properties.

Download Full-text

Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01934-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caihong Weng ◽

Xiaowei Peng ◽

Yejun Han

Keyword(s):

Bond Cleavage ◽

Enzymatic Catalysis ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Value Added ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Soft Rot ◽

White Rot ◽

Brown Rot Fungi ◽

Cleavage Enzyme ◽

Future Work

AbstractLignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic compound in nature, is an excellent feedstock for value-added bioproducts manufacturing; while the intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance of which hindered the efficient lignin biorefinery and utilization. Compared with chemical processing, bioprocessing with microbial and enzymatic catalysis is a clean and efficient method for lignin depolymerization and conversion. Generally, lignin bioprocessing involves lignin decomposition to lignin-based aromatics via extracellular microbial enzymes and further converted to value-added bioproducts through microbial metabolism. In the review, the most recent advances in degradation and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts catalyzed by microbes and enzymes were summarized. The lignin-degrading microorganisms of white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, soft-rot fungi, and bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were comparatively analyzed. The catalytic metabolism of the microbial lignin-degrading enzymes of laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, biphenyl bond cleavage enzyme, versatile peroxidase, and β-etherize was discussed. The microbial metabolic process of H-lignin, G-lignin, S-lignin based derivatives, protocatechuic acid, and catechol was reviewed. Lignin was depolymerized to lignin-derived aromatic compounds by the secreted enzymes of fungi and bacteria, and the aromatics were converted to value-added compounds through microbial catalysis and metabolic engineering. The review also proposes new insights for future work to overcome the recalcitrance of lignin and convert it to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis.

Download Full-text

Creating wealth from waste: An approach for converting organic waste in to value-added products using microbial consortia

Environmental Technology & Innovation ◽

10.1016/j.eti.2021.102092 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102092

Author(s):

Sadik Dantroliya ◽

Chinmayi Joshi ◽

Archit Mohapatra ◽

Deshna Shah ◽

Poonam Bhargava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Value Added Products

Download Full-text

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMASS AND ENDO-B-1,4-GLUCANASE BY WHITE ROT FUNGI NATIVE FROM ARGENTINA

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2017.268 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2581-2588

Author(s):

Ernesto M. Giorgio ◽

Maria I. Fonseca ◽

Andrea L. Morales ◽

Pedro D. Zapata ◽

Laura L. Villalba

Keyword(s):

White Rot Fungi ◽

White Rot

Download Full-text

OPPORTUNITIES FOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-ECONOMY IN THE FOOD AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij28051681g ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 1681-1684

Author(s):

Georgi Toskov ◽

Ana Yaneva ◽

Stanko Stankov ◽

Hafize Fidan

Keyword(s):

National Level ◽

Value Added ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Small Companies ◽

Food Sector ◽

Strategic Development ◽

Innovation Potential ◽

Wide Range ◽

Foreign Brands ◽

Value Added Products

The European Commission defines the bioeconomy as "the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value added products, such as food, feed, bio-based products and bioenergy. Its sectors and industries have strong innovation potential due to their use of a wide range of sciences, enabling and industrial technologies, along with local and implied knowledge." The Bulgarian food industry faces a lot of challenges on the local and national level, which have direct influence on the structure of the production companies. Most of the enterprises from the food sector produce under foreign brands in order to be flexible partners to the large Bulgarian retail chains. The small companies from the food sector are not able to develop as an independent competitive producer on the territory of their local markets. This kind of companies rarely has a working strategy for positioning on new markets. In order to consolidate their already built positions for long period of time, the producers are trying to optimize their operations in a short term. However, the unclear vision of the companies for the business segment does not allow them to fully develop. Tourism in Bulgaria is a significant contributor to the country's economy.

Download Full-text

The Screening of White-Rot Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Ganoderma philippii

International Journal of Oil Palm ◽

10.35876/ijop.v3i1.45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Sitompul Afrida ◽

◽

Aswardi Nasution ◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

White Rot ◽

Biological Control Agents

Download Full-text

The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0475 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (3-4) ◽

pp. 189-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

V. P. Lankinen ◽

M. M. Inkeröinen ◽

J. Pellinen ◽

A. I. Hatakka

Keyword(s):

Lignin Peroxidase ◽

Active Form ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Color Removal ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Lignin Peroxidases ◽

Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

Download Full-text

Revalorizing Lignocellulose for the Production of Natural Pharmaceuticals and Other High Value Bioproducts

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170912095755 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 2475-2484 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Congqiang Zhang ◽

Heng-Phon Too

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Thermocellum ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Cost Effective ◽

White Rot ◽

Chemical Pretreatment ◽

Significant Challenge ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Natural Medicine ◽

Renewable Natural Resource

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable natural resource on earth and has been successfully used for the production of biofuels. A significant challenge is to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly and efficient processes for the conversion of lignocellulose materials into suitable substrates for biotransformation. A number of approaches have been explored to convert lignocellulose into sugars, e.g. combining chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In nature, there are organisms that can transform the complex lignocellulose efficiently, such as wood-degrading fungi (brown rot and white rot fungi), bacteria (e.g. Clostridium thermocellum), arthropods (e.g. termite) and certain animals (e.g. ruminant). Here, we highlight recent case studies of the natural degraders and the mechanisms involved, providing new utilities in biotechnology. The sugars produced from such biotransformations can be used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for the complete biosynthesis of natural medicine. The unique opportunities in using lignocellulose directly to produce natural drug molecules with either using mushroom and/or ‘industrial workhorse’ organisms (Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) will be discussed.

Download Full-text