The Onset of Lignin-Modifying Enzymes, Decrease of AOX and Color Removal by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Bleach Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Lankinen ◽  
M. M. Inkeröinen ◽  
J. Pellinen ◽  
A. I. Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Peroxidases ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Decrease of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOX) is becoming the most important criterion for the efficiency of pulp mill effluent treatment in the 1990s. Two methods, designated MYCOR and MYCOPOR which utilize the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium have earlier been developed for the color removal of pulp mill effluents, but the processes have also a capacity to decrease the amount of chlorinated organic compounds. Lignin peroxidases (ligninases) produced by P. chrvsosporium may dechlorinate chlorinated phenols. In this work possibilities to use selected white-rot fungi in the treatment of E1-stage bleach plant effluent were studied. Phlebia radiata. Phanerochaete chrvsosporium and Merulius (Phlebia) tremellosus were compared in shake flasks for their ability to produce laccase, lignin peroxidase(s) and manganese-dependent peroxidase(s) and to remove color from a medium containing effluent. Softwood bleaching effluents were treated by carrier-immobilized P. radiata in 2 1 bioreactors and a 10 1 BiostatR -fermentor. Dechlorination was followed using Cl ion and AOX determinations. All fungi removed the color of the effluent. In P. radiata cultivations AOX decrease was ca. 4 mg l−1 in one day. Apparent lignin peroxidase activities as determined by veratryl alcohol oxidation method were negligible or zero in a medium with AOX content of ca. 60 mg l−1, prepared using about 20 % (v/v) of softwood effluent. However, the purification of extracellular enzymes implied that large amounts of lignin peroxidases were present in the medium and, after the purification, in active form. Enzyme proteins were separated using anion exchange chromatography, and they were further characterized by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to reveal the kind of enzymes that were present during AOX decrease and color removal. The most characteristic lignin peroxidase isoenzymes in effluent media were LiP2 and LiP3.

scholarly journals Identification of white rot fungus CP9 and its potential application in biopulping

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Lien ◽  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Luong Thi Hong ◽  
Hy Tuan Anh ◽  
Phan Thi Hong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
New Production ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

Wood-rotting fungi represent an important component of forest ecosystems. Among them, white-rot fungi are the most efficient lignin degraders. Biopulping using white-rot fungi in pretreatment of the materials, is one of the solutions to overcome disadvantages of traditional production methods. Today, the isolation and screening of lignin degrading fungi capable for application in biopulping are of keen interest in Vietnam. The use of non–wood, plant fibres in pulp and paper industry, special, agricultural residuces such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane baggase, cornstalks etc is the new production toward, potential, serving sustainable development. The fungus CP9, which possessed high ligninolytic activity, was identified and studied in pretreatment of rice straw for biopulping. The fruiting bodies of strain CP9 were effuse on trunk. The hymenium was porous and brown white with short tubes, the white mycelia penetrated wood block. The colony was off-white, blossom, irregularly circular. The mycelia were thick and closely bound together. Beside lignin, this fungus could degrade other substrates such as casein, carboxymethyl cellulose and starch. Biological and morphological characteristics of the fungus CP9 suggested its placement in subdivision Basidiomycota. Combined with the results of phylogenetic analysis, which showed 99% similarity of the fungus with species Leiotrametes lactinea, our strain was named as Leiotrametes lactinea CP9. This fungus could grow well on rice straw under solid state fermentation. Pretreatment of rice straw using L. lactinea CP9 was based on the activity of fungal lignin peroxidase and laccase. After 20 days, the residual enzyme activity was of 21.6 and 18.4 nkat/g material for lignin peroxidase and laccase, respectively. Pretreatment significantly improved the quality of straw, as lignin loss of 38% while cellulosic fibers were comparatively well preserved.

Demethylation of the lignin model dimer 1-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol by the white-rot fungus Phlebia tremellosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Lignin Model Dimer ◽  
Lignin Model ◽  
Model Dimer

Phlebia tremellosa dealkylates nonphenolic β-O-4-linked lignin model dimers; the phenolic products are oxidized by laccase. There is no evidence of α,β-cleavage as catalyzed by lignin peroxidase in some other white rot fungi. Methanol is the product of demethylation of 1-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol, and the demethylation reaction can be assayed by the release of radioactive CH3OH from the 4′-O14CH3 labelled compound. In older cultures, the methanol is metabolized to CO2. Demethylation is stimulated by oxygen and blocked by several common metabolic inhibitors. Both the mycelium and the extracellular medium are required for demethylation. Key words: lignin biodégradation, laccase, demethylation, lignin peroxidase.

Lignocellulolytic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus under solid state fermentation using silage, stover, and cobs of maize

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3797-3807
Author(s):  
Magdah Ganash ◽  
Tarek M. Abdel Ghany ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Abboud ◽  
Mohamed M. Alawlaqi ◽  
Husam Qanash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extracellular Protein ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate

Lignocellulolytic white-rot fungi allow the bioconversion of agricultural wastes into value-added products that are used in a myriad of applications. The aim of this work was to use corn residues (Zea mays L.) to produce valuable products under solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Pleurotus ostreatus. White-rot fungus P. ostreatus was isolated from maize silage (MS) and thereafter it was inoculated on MS as substrate and compared with maize stover (MSt) and maize cobs (MC) to determine the best lignocellulosic substrate for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and extracellular protein. The MS gave the highest productivity of CMCase (368.2 U/mL), FPase (170.5 U/mL), laccase (11.4 U/mL), and MnPase (6.6 U/mL). This is compared to productivity on MSt of 222 U/mL, 50.2 U/mL, 4.55 U/mL, and 2.57 U/mL, respectively; and productivity on MC at the same incubation period as 150.5 U/mL, 48.2 U/mL, 3.58 U/mL, and 2.5 U/mL, respectively. The levels of enzyme production declined with increasing incubation period after 15 and 20 days using MS and MC, respectively, as substrates. Maximum liberated extracellular protein content (754 to 878 µg/mL) was recorded using MS, while a low amount (343 to 408 µg/mL) was liberated with using MSt and MC.

scholarly journals White-Rot Fungi Control on Populus spp. Wood by Pressure Treatments with Silver Nanoparticles, Chitosan Oligomers and Propolis

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casado-Sanz ◽  
Silva-Castro ◽  
Ponce-Herrero ◽  
Martín-Ramos ◽  
Martín-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Over Time

There is growing interest in the development of non-toxic, natural wood preservation agents to replace conventional chemicals. In this paper, the antifungal activities of silver nanoparticles, chitosan oligomers, and propolis ethanolic extract were evaluated against white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, with a view to protecting Populus spp. wood. In order to create a more realistic in-service type environment, the biocidal products were assessed according to EN:113 European standard, instead of using routine in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Wood blocks were impregnated with the aforementioned antifungal agents by the vacuum-pressure method in an autoclave, and their biodeterioration was monitored over 16 weeks. The results showed that treatments based on silver nanoparticles, at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 ppm, presented high antifungal activity, protecting the wood from fungal attack over time, with weight losses in the range of 8.49% to 8.94% after 16 weeks, versus 24.79% weight loss in the control (untreated) samples. This was confirmed by SEM and optical microscopy images, which showed a noticeably higher cell wall degradation in control samples than in samples treated with silver nanoparticles. On the other hand, the efficacy of the treatments based on chitosan oligomers and propolis gradually decreased over time, which would be a limiting factor for their application as wood preservatives. The nanometal-based approach is thus posed as the preferred choice for the industrial treatment of poplar wood aimed at wood-based engineering products (plywood, laminated veneer lumber, cross-laminated timber, etc.).

scholarly journals Biodegradability of Extractives in Sapwood and Heartwood from Scots Pine by Sapstain and White-Rot Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Martínez-Inigo ◽  
P. Immerzeel ◽  
A. Gutierrez ◽  
J.C. del Río ◽  
R. Sierra-Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Degradation ◽  
Steryl Esters ◽  
Funalia Trogii ◽  
Total Extractives

SummaryThe fungal degradation of lipophilic extractives in sapwood and heartwood from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was studied. In sapwood, the white rot fungi,Bjerkanderasp. andFunalia trogii, removed higher amounts of extractives than the sapstain strains,Ophiostoma ainoaeandCeratocystis allantospora. Triglycerides, long chain fatty acids, steryl esters and waxes in pine sapwood were almost completely degraded by all the fungi. Sterols and resin acids were also extensively degraded by the white rot strains; however, these components were not or only poorly removed by the sapstain fungi. The removal of total extractives by all the fungal strains was higher in sapwood as compared to heartwood. The highly concentrated extractive fraction in pine heartwood mainly consists of resin acids. As observed in sapwood, sapstain were also poorly effective in the degradation of the resin acids present in heartwood. The fungal degradation of heartwood extractives was not only limited by the degradative ability of the various test microorganisms, but also by the inhibitory effect exerted by the extractive fraction. The white rot fungusF. trogiiwas particularly inhibited on heartwood.Bjerkanderasp. showed a higher tolerance to toxic extractives and was the most efficient fungus in degrading extractive constituents in both Scots pine heartwood and sapwood. Therefore,Bjerkanderasp. strain BOS55 should be considered as a potential agent for pitch control in pulp and paper manufacture.

Removal of individual sterols during secondary treatment of pulp mill effluents

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Mahmood-Khan ◽  
Eric R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Secondary Effluents ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Sterol Profile ◽  
Pass Through

Analysis of plant sterols in pulp mill effluents is complex and several investigations have combined wood extractives with sterols or have reported total sterols collectively. The present study exclusively focuses on the fate of individual sterols generated in pulp and paper manufacturing as they pass through activated sludge biotreatment system. Before secondary treatment the pulp mill effluents contained 33% ß-sitosterol, 26% campesterol, 22% ß-sitostanol, 17% stigmasterol and 2% ergosterol (1,000–1,800 μg/L mean total sterols). After treatment, the effluents contained 44% ß-sitosterol, 22% campesterol, 18% ß-sitostanol, 14% stigmasterol and 2% ergosterol (176–428 μg/L mean total sterols). Each sterol fraction showed different removal efficiency. ß-Sitosterol, the major fraction, was removed relatively poorly (65%) while campesterol was removed most efficiently (81%) compared with the removal of other fractions (ß-sitostanol 74% and stigmasterol 64%). The differential removal of sterol fractions altered the sterol profile during different stages of the secondary treatment. Owing to its poor removal, ß-sitosterol is the most persistent fraction in treated/untreated pulp mill effluents. Typically, 21% of the incoming sterols were contained in secondary effluents and 23% in waste sludge without biodegradation. Optimizing the design/operation of treatment systems for removal of ß-sitosterol and stigmasterol would improve the performance of effluent treatment facilities.

Iron and calcium translocation from pure gypsum and iron-amended gypsum by two brown rot fungi and a white rot fungus

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schilling ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Ca Oxalate ◽  
Iron And Calcium

AbstractWood-degrading fungi commonly grow in contact with calcium (Ca)-containing building materials and may import Ca and iron (Fe) from soil into forest woody debris. For brown rot fungi, imported Ca2+may neutralize oxalate, while Fe3+may facilitate Fenton-based degradation mechanisms. We previously demonstrated, in two independent trials, that degradation of spruce by wood-degrading fungi was not promoted when Ca or Fe were imported from gypsum or metallic Fe, respectively. Here, we tested pine wood with lower endogenous Ca than the spruce blocks used in prior experiments, and included a pure gypsum treatment and one amended with 1% with FeSO4. Electron microscopy with microanalysis verified that brown rot fungiSerpula himantioidesandGloeophyllum trabeumand the white rot fungusIrpex lacteusgrew on gypsum and produced iron-free Ca-oxalate crystals away from the gypsum surface. Wood cation analysis verified significant Fe import by both brown rot isolates in Fe-containing treatments. Wood degradation was highest in Fe-gypsum-containing treatments for all three fungi, although only wood degraded byI. lacteushad significant Ca import. We suggest that Fe impurities may not exacerbate brown rot, and that both brown and white rot fungi may utilize Ca-containing materials.

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