scholarly journals First case of Furuncular Myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Latin American resident returning from Central African Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jóse A. Suárez ◽  
Argentina Ying ◽  
Luis A. Orillac ◽  
Israel Cedeño ◽  
Néstor Sosa
1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Quick ◽  
B. L. Thompson ◽  
A. Zuniga ◽  
G. Dominguez ◽  
E. L. De Brizuela ◽  
...  

SummaryIn response to the Latin American cholera epidemic, El Salvador began a prevention programme in April 1991. The first case was confirmed in August, and 700 cases were reported within 3 months. A matched case-control study was conducted in rural La Libertad Department in November 1991. Illness was associated with eating cold cooked or raw seafood (odds ratio [OR] = 7·0; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1·4, 35·0) and with drinking water outside the home (OR = 8·8; 95% CL = 1·7, 44·6). Assertion of knowledge about how to prevent cholera (OR = 0·2; 95% CL = 0·1, 0·8) and eating rice (OR = 0·2; 95% CL = 0·1, 0·8) were protective. More controls than patients regularly used soap (OR = 0·3; 95% CL = 0·1, 1·0). This study demonstrated three important points for cholera prevention: (1) seafood should be eaten cooked and hot; (2) populations at risk should be taught to treat household drinking water and to avoid drinking water outside the home unless it is known to be treated; and (3) education about hygiene can be an important tool in preventing cholera.


2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éric Dehecq ◽  
Placide Nyombe Nzungu ◽  
Jean-Charles Cailliez ◽  
Édouart Guevart ◽  
Laurence Delhaes ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Noel Maurer

This chapter explores how the United States' return to the empire trap played out, starting with Franklin Roosevelt in Mexico through Eisenhower in Guatemala and faraway Iran. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States began to provide foreign aid (in the form of grants and loans) and rolled out perhaps the first case of modern covert action against the government of Cuba. Both tools were perfected during the Second World War, which saw the creation of entire agencies of government dedicated to providing official transfers and covertly manipulating the affairs of foreign states. In addition, the development of sophisticated trade controls allowed targeted action against the exports of other nations. For example, after 1948 the United States could attempt to influence certain Latin American governments by granting or withholding quotas for sugar.


Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando García-Frade Ruiz ◽  
◽  
Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete ◽  
Emmanuel Solís Ayala ◽  
Ana de la Fuente-Martín ◽  
...  

Background. The first case report on the Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) was registered in 2004. Years later, other research groups complemented the description of CHS, adding that it was associated with such behaviors as chronic cannabis abuse, acute episodes of nausea, intractable vomiting, abdominal pain and compulsive hot baths, which ceased when cannabis use was stopped. Objective. To provide a brief review of CHS and report the first documented case of CHS in Mexico. Method. Through a systematic search in PUBMED from 2004 to 2016, a brief review of CHS was integrated. For the second objective, CARE clinical case reporting guidelines were used to register and manage a patient with CHS at a high specialty general hospital. Results. Until December 2016, a total of 89 cases had been reported worldwide, although none from Latin American countries. Discussion and conclusions. Despite the cases reported in the scientific literature, experts have yet to achieve a comprehensive consensus on CHS etiology, diagnosis and treatment. The lack of a comprehensive, standardized CHS algorithm increases the likelihood of malpractice, in addition to contributing to the patient’s biopsychosocial deterioration and raising care costs.


Author(s):  
Sully Márquez ◽  
Belén Prado-Vivar ◽  
Juan José Guadalupe ◽  
Bernardo Gutierrez ◽  
Manuel Jibaja ◽  
...  

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19 was first described in Wuhan in December 2019 and has now spread globally. Ecuador was the second country in South America to report confirmed cases. The first case reported in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, was a tourist who came from the Netherlands and presented symptoms on March 10th, 2020 (index case). In this work we used the MinION platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) to sequence the metagenome of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from this case reported, and subsequently we sequenced the whole genome of the index case and other three patients using the ARTIC network protocols. Our data from the metagenomic approach confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 coexisting with pathogenic bacteria suggesting coinfection. Relevant bacteria found in the BAL metagenome were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia spp. Lineage assignment of the four whole genomes revealed three different origins. The variant HEE-01 was imported from the Netherlands and was assigned to B lineage, HGSQ-USFQ-018, belongs to the B.1 lineage showing nine nucleotide differences with the reference strain and grouped with sequences from the United Kingdom, and HGSQ-USFQ-007 and HGSQ-USFQ-010 belong to the B lineage and grouped with sequences from Scotland. All genomes show mutations in their genomes compared to the reference strain, which could be important to understand the virulence, severity and transmissibility of the virus. Our findings also suggest that there were at least three independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Ecuador.IMPORTANCECOVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally including Latin American countries including Ecuador. The first strain of SARS-CoV-2 sequenced was from Wuhan, which is considered as the reference strain. There were no data about the SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Ecuador, and the purpose of this study was to find out the origin of the different lineages circulating in the population. We also were interested in the mutations present in these genomes as they can influence virulence, transmission and infectivity.


The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 381 (9880) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Frank ◽  
Jean Chrysostome Gody ◽  
Liem Binh Luong Nguyen ◽  
Nicolas Berthet ◽  
Anne Le Fleche-Mateos ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Waldo Ansaldi

Resumen El artículo es, en rigor, una propuesta de cuestión a investigar: una sociología histórica de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas que, en una perspectiva de larga duración, recupere la extensa etapa protocientífica (o estudios sociales de primera generación), básicamente ensayística, pero generadora de dos legados que las ciencias sociales institucionalizadas y profesionalizadas (desde mediados del siglo XX) asumieron y potenciaron: la vocación por el cambio social, es decir, la interacción entre conocimiento y política, y la constitución de redes (personales en el primer caso, institucionales, en el segundo). El proceso de constitución de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas, se sostiene, debe analizarse teniendo en cuenta  la estrecha relación con las sucesivas coyunturas internacionales, especialmente a partir de la segunda posguerra, coyunturas que permiten explicar mejor la cambiante agenda de problemas abordados por los científicos sociales -básicamente desde una perspectiva de pensamiento crítico- a lo largo de los últimos setenta años. Así, por caso, los debates sobre el carácter feudal o capitalista de la colonización, los estudios de situaciones de dependencia, el Estado y la democracia.  Estas cuatro grandes cuestiones derivan, de algún modo, de las críticas a la teoría de modernización, tan importante en los inicios de la institucionalización. Para el análisis de ésta, asimismo, debe tenerse en cuenta el primordial papel desempeñado por tres organismos internacionales -CEPAL, FLACSO y CLACSO- y por los centros académicos independientes. Se enfatiza el carácter innovador de nuestras ciencias sociales, particularmente durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970, el cual se diluyó a partir de fines o mediados de los años 1980, cuando se produjo un retorno a prácticas caracterizadas por el colonialismo cultural. Empero, en los últimos años se está gestando un proceso de retorno a pensar América Latina desde América Latina, proceso que abre la perspectiva de un rico debate. Palabras claves: ciencias sociales latinoamericanas,ResumoO artigo é, a rigor, uma proposta de questão a investigar: a sociologia histórica das ciências sociais latino-americanas que, em uma perspectiva a longo prazo, recupere a extensa fase protocientífica (ou estudos sociais de primeira geração), basicamente ensaística, mas que acabou gerando dois legados que as ciências sociais institucionalizadas e profissionalizadas, em meados do século XX, assumiram e reforçaram: a vocação para a mudança social, ou seja, a interação entre conhecimento e política, e o networking (pessoal, no primeiro caso, e institucional, no segundo). O processo de formação das ciências sociais latino-americanas, argumenta-se, deve ser considerado tendo em conta a estreita relação mediante sucessivas articulações internacionais, especialmente desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tais articulações permitem explicar melhor a variante agenda de questões abordadas pelos cientistas sociais - basicamente, a partir da perspectiva de pensamento crítico ao longo dos últimos 70 anos. Assim, por exemplo, as discussões sobre o caráter feudal ou capitalista da colonização estudam situações de dependência, do Estado e da democracia. Estas quatro grandes questões derivam de alguma forma, das críticas à teoria da modernização, tão importante no início da institucionalização. Para esta análise também deve ser observado o papel fundamental desempenhado por três organizações internacionais -ECLAC, FLACSO e CLACSO- e pelos centros acadêmicos independentes. O caráter inovador de nossas ciências sociais são enfatizados, principalmente durante os anos 1960 e 1970, que foi diluída a partir de finais ou meados dos anos 1980, quando houve um retorno a práticas caracterizadas pelo colonialismo cultural. No entanto, nos últimos anos se tem feito um processo de volta para a América Latina pensada pela América Latina, tal processo expõe a possibilidade de um debate mais profundo. Palavras-chave: --- AbstractThe article is, in fact, a proposed research question: a historical sociology of Latin American social sciences, in a long term perspective, recall the vast stage of the social studies of first generation basically essays, but generating two legacies that institutionalized and professionalized social sciences (from mid-twentieth century) assumed and reinforced: the vocation for social change, the interaction between knowledge and policy, network building (personal in the first case, institutional, in the second). The process of formation of Latin American social sciences should be analyzed taking into account the close relationship between the successive international situation, especially since the Second World War, joints that allow better explain the changing list of problems approached by social scientists from basically perspectives critical thinking over the last seventy years. So, for instance, the discussions on the feudal or capitalist nature of colonization, studies of dependency situations, the state, and democracy. These four major issues arise, somehow criticism of modernization theory, so important in the early institutionalization. For this analysis, it should also be noted the key role played by three international agencies -CEPAL, FLACSO, and CLACSO- and independent academic centers. The innovative nature of our social sciences is emphasized, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, which was diluted from mid or late 1980s, when there was a return to practices characterized cultural colonialism. However, in recent years it is developing a process to think back to Latin America from Latin America, a process that opens up the prospect of a rich discussion. Keywords: Latin American Social Sciences, 


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