Non-Linear Relationship Between T-Tubule Remodeling and Sr Calcium Release in Failing Rat Ventricle

ABSTRACTType/Token Ratios have been extensively used in child language research as an index of lexical diversity. This paper shows that the measure has frequently failed to discriminate between children at widely different stages of language development, and that the ratio may in fact fall as children get older. It is suggested here that such effects are caused by a negative, though non-linear, relationship between sample size (i.e. number of tokens) and Type/Token Ratio. Effects of open and closed class items are considered and an alternative Verbal Diversity measure is examined. Standardization of the number of tokens before computing Type/Token Ratios is recommended.

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Association between serum uric acid and triglycerides in Chinese children and adolescents with short stature

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-020-01429-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuntian Chu ◽

Qianqian Zhao ◽

Mei Zhang ◽

Bo Ban ◽

Hongbing Tao

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Short Stature ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Short Children ◽

Non Linear ◽

Males And Females

Abstract Background Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are a biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and TG concentrations in adults or obese children is well established. However, studies on SUA and TG in children with short stature are limited. Aim To determine the relationship between SUA and TG levels in short children and adolescents. Method This was a cross-sectional evaluation of a cohort of 1095 patients with short stature (720 males and 375 females). The related clinical characteristics, including anthropometric and biochemical parameters, were determined. Results Smooth curve fitting, adjusted for potential confounders was performed, which indicated the existence of a non-linear relationship between these measures. Piecewise multivariate linear analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between SUA and TG at SUA concentrations over 7 mg/dL (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.22, P = 0.002) but no significant correlation at lower SUA levels (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01–0.04, P = 0.799). Furthermore, a stratified analysis was performed to appraise changes in this relationship for different sexes and standard deviation levels of body mass index (BMI). The non-linear relationship remained consistent in males and females with BMI standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) ≥ 0, with inflection points of 6.71 mg/dL and 3.93 mg/dL, respectively. Within these two groups, SUA and TG levels showed a positive association when SUA levels were higher than the inflection point (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11–0.31, P < 0.001 for males and β = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.03–0.17, P = 0.005 for females). However, a specific relationship was not observed at lower SUA levels. No significant relationships were found between SUA and TG levels in males and females with BMI SDS < 0. Conclusion The present study identified the non-linear association of SUA and TG levels with short children and adolescents. This relationship was based on BMI status. This finding suggests that health status should be considered for short stature children with high SUA levels, especially in children with a high BMI standard deviation score.

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