scholarly journals Gene Regulation by Bacterial Small RNA and RNA Chaperon Hfq

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 5a
Author(s):  
Jingyi Fei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Bacterial Small Rna

scholarly journals The IDR-containing protein PID-2 affects Z granules and is required for piRNA-induced silencing in the embryo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Placentino ◽  
António Miguel de Jesus Domingues ◽  
Jan Schreier ◽  
Sabrina Dietz ◽  
Svenja Hellmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Prolyl Aminopeptidase ◽  
C Elegans

AbstractIn Caenorhabditis elegans, the piRNA (21U RNA) pathway is required to establish proper gene regulation and an immortal germline. To achieve this, PRG-1-bound 21U RNAs trigger silencing mechanisms mediated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP)-synthetized 22G RNAs. This silencing can become PRG-1-independent, and heritable over many generations. This state is named RNAe. It is unknown how and when RNAe is established, and how it is maintained. We show that maternally provided 21U RNAs can be sufficient to trigger RNAe in embryos. Additionally, we identify the IDR-containing protein PID-2, as a factor required to establish and maintain RNAe. PID-2 interacts with two novel, partially redundant, eTudor domain proteins, PID-4 and PID-5. Additionally, PID-5 has a domain related to the X-prolyl aminopeptidase protein APP-1, and binds APP-1, implicating N-terminal proteolysis in RNAe. All three proteins are required for germline immortality, localize to perinuclear foci, affect Z granules, and are required for balancing of 22G RNA populations. Overall, our study identifies three new proteins with crucial functions in the C. elegans small RNA silencing network.

scholarly journals Watching Gene Regulation by Small RNA in Bacteria with Super-Resolution Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 434a
Author(s):  
Jingyi Fei ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
Qiucen Zhang ◽  
Seongjin Park ◽  
Ido Golding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging

scholarly journals sRNA/L1 retrotransposition: using siRNAs and miRNAs to expand the applications of the cell culture-based LINE-1 retrotransposition assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20190346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Tristan-Ramos ◽  
Santiago Morell ◽  
Laura Sanchez ◽  
Belen Toledo ◽  
Jose L. Garcia-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Fanconi Anaemia ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Long Interspersed Elements ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Conventional Cell

The cell culture-based retrotransposition reporter assay has been (and is) an essential tool for the study of vertebrate Long INterspersed Elements (LINEs). Developed more than 20 years ago, this assay has been instrumental in characterizing the role of LINE-encoded proteins in retrotransposition, understanding how ribonucleoprotein particles are formed, how host factors regulate LINE mobilization, etc. Moreover, variations of the conventional assay have been developed to investigate the biology of other currently active human retrotransposons, such as Alu and SVA. Here, we describe a protocol that allows combination of the conventional cell culture-based LINE-1 retrotransposition reporter assay with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNA (miRNAs) mimics or inhibitors, which has allowed us to uncover specific miRNAs and host factors that regulate retrotransposition. The protocol described here is highly reproducible, quantitative, robust and flexible, and allows the study of several small RNA classes and various retrotransposons. To illustrate its utility, here we show that siRNAs to Fanconi anaemia proteins (FANC-A and FANC-C) and an inhibitor of miRNA-20 upregulate and downregulate human L1 retrotransposition, respectively. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation’.

scholarly journals HSP90 Protein Stabilizes Unloaded Argonaute Complexes and Microscopic P-bodies in Human Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnston ◽  
Marie-Claude Geoffroy ◽  
Andrew Sobala ◽  
Ron Hay ◽  
Gyorgy Hutvagner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Hsp90 Inhibitor ◽  
Gene Repression ◽  
Processing Bodies ◽  
P Bodies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mirna Level ◽  
Efficient Loading ◽  
Hsp90 Protein

Key components of the miRNA-mediated gene regulation pathway are localized in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). Mounting evidence suggests that the presence of microscopic P-bodies are not always required for miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Here we have shown that geldanamycin, a well-characterized HSP90 inhibitor, abolishes P-bodies and significantly reduces Argonaute and GW182 protein levels but does not affect the miRNA level and the efficiency of miRNA-mediated gene repression; however, it significantly impairs siRNA loading and the efficacy of exogenous siRNA. Our data suggests that HSP90 protein chaperones Argonautes before binding RNA and may facilitate efficient loading of small RNA.

scholarly journals Salient Genetic Notes on Small-RNAs and their Applications in Agricultural Biotechnology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Samuel Amiteye
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Interfering Rna

Small-RNAs are 20 to 27 nucleotides long non-protein-coding RNAs that act on either DNA or RNA to effect the regulation of gene expression. Small-RNAs are key in genetic and epigenetic regulation of diverse biological processes and pathways in response to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. The gene regulatory functions of small-RNA molecules enhance healthy plant growth and normal development by controlling biological processes such as flowering programming, fruit development, disease and pests resistance. Small-RNAs comprise mainly microRNA and small interfering RNA species. MicroRNAs have been proven to primarily engage in posttranscriptional gene regulation while small interfering RNA have been implicated mainly in transcriptional gene regulation. This review covers the recent advancements in small-RNA research in plants, with emphasis on particularly microRNAs and small interfering RNA biogenesis, biological functions and their relevance in the regulation of traits of agronomic importance in plants. Also discussed extensively is the potential biotechnological applications of these small-RNAs for crop improvement.

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