scholarly journals Uncovering Potential Mechanisms of the Relationship Between Structural Deficits and General Psychopathology

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Antonia N. Kaczkurkin
Keyword(s):  
General Psychopathology ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between brain structure and general psychopathology in preadolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
Lindsay Squeglia ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Categorical mental disorders are being recognized as suboptimal targets in clinical neuroscience due to poor reliability as well as high rates of heterogeneity within, and comorbidity between, mental disorders. As an alternative to the case-control approach, recent studies have focused on the relationship between neurobiology and latent dimensions of psychopathology. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain structure and psychopathology in the critical preadolescent period when psychopathology is emerging. This study included baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 11,721; age range = 9-10 years; male = 52.2%). General psychopathology, externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder dimensions were based on a higher-order model of psychopathology and estimated using Bayesian plausible values. Outcome variables included global and regional cortical volume, thickness, and surface area. Higher levels of psychopathology across all dimensions were associated with lower volume and surface area globally, as well as widespread and pervasive alterations across the majority of cortical and subcortical regions studied, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and parental education. The relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure were attenuated when adjusting for cognitive functioning. There was evidence of a relationship between externalizing psychopathology and frontal regions of the cortex that was independent of general psychopathology. The current study identified lower cortical volume and surface area as transdiagnostic biomarkers for general psychopathology in preadolescence. The widespread and pervasive relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure may reflect cognitive dysfunction that is a feature across a range of mental illnesses.

scholarly journals General Psychopathology, Cognition, and the Cerebral Cortex in 10-Year-Old Children: Insights From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Patel ◽  
Nadine Parker ◽  
Giovanni A. Salum ◽  
Zdenka Pausova ◽  
Tomáš Paus
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Cortical Surface Area ◽  
Neurite Density ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association

General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between structural properties of the cerebral cortex [surface area, cortical thickness, intracortical myelination indexed by the T1w/T2w ratio, and neurite density assessed by restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)] with general psychopathology and cognition in a sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Higher levels of psychopathology and lower levels of cognitive ability were associated with a smaller cortical surface area. Inter-regionally—across the cerebral cortex—the strength of association between an area and psychopathology is strongly correlated with the strength of association between an area and cognition. Taken together, structural deviations particularly observed in the cortical surface area influence both psychopathology and cognition.

The relationship between prepulse inhibition and general psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia treated with long-acting risperidone

2009 ◽  
Vol 115 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Martinez-Gras ◽  
Gabriel Rubio ◽  
Blanca Alvarez del Manzano ◽  
Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez ◽  
Fernando Garcia-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Relationship

The association of schizophrenia symptoms clusters with obsessive compulsive symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S385-S386
Author(s):  
E. Theochari ◽  
E. Tsaltas ◽  
D. Kontis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Psychopathology Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThirty percent of individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCSs). There is conflicting data on the effects of antipsychotic medication on OCSs in schizophrenia. The delineation of the relationship of OCSs with positive, negative and general psychopathology symptoms has theoretical and treatment implications.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship among OCSs with the symptoms clusters in schizophrenia.MethodsWe recruited 110 chronic schizophrenia patients and assessed OCSs (Yale-Brown Scale) and schizophrenia symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). In order to investigate the relationship of OCSs with clusters of schizophrenia symptoms, we conducted correlation analyses between YBOCS total scores or obsession or compulsion subscores with the PANSS symptoms scores (total, positive, negative and general psychopathology) and the cognitive scores derived from CANTAB. We re-conducted these correlations for the sub groups with clinically detectable OCSs (YBOCS > 8) and clinically significant OCSs (YBOCS > 14).ResultsThe only significant correlation was that of scores of OCSs with PANSS general psychopathology scores (rho = 0.190, P = 0.047). Obsessions and compulsions did not significantly correlate with positive or negative symptom clusters. No significant correlation between OCSs and schizophrenia symptoms were detected in the subgroups with clinically detectable or significant OCSs.ConclusionsOCSs appear to be a separate symptom cluster in the context of schizophrenia, suggesting that OCSs cannot be expected to be influenced by standard antipsychotic treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Interparental conflict and relations with parents as predictors of young adult functioning

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYAN D. NEIGHBORS ◽  
REX FOREHAND ◽  
JINN-JONP BAU
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Alternate Model ◽  
Adult Functioning ◽  
The Relationship

Interparental conflict is a known risk factor for child adjustment problems; yet few studies have examined its long-term effects. This study tests the following hypotheses: Interparental conflict has both longitudinal and concurrent influences on the functioning of young adult children, and the relationship between young adults and their parents mediates these influences. We assessed a community sample (N = 243) of families when the target child was in early to middle adolescence. We then reassessed them 6 years later during young adulthood. The links of interparental conflict measured at the two time points to young adults' general psychopathology and antisocial behavior were examined using multiple regression analyses. The quality of the relationship between young adults and each parent was added to each equation as a potential mediating variable. Results showed that concurrent, but not earlier, interparental conflict predicted males' antisocial behavior. No support was found for the mediational model, but support was found for an alternate model positing direct effects for interparental conflict and the parent-young adult relationship on young adult functioning. For females and males, problematic relationships with mothers and fathers predicted greater general psychopathology, while problems in paternal relationships predicted higher levels of antisocial behavior only for females.

The relationship between brain structure and general psychopathology in preadolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
Lindsay M. Squeglia ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
The Relationship

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Chinese patients with fat-phobic and nonfat-phobic anorexia nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing Lee ◽  
King Lam Ng ◽  
Kathleen P. S. Kwok ◽  
Jennifer J. Thomas ◽  
Anne E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Fat Phobia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Although gastrointestinal and other somatic symptoms are common in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and a growing cross-national literature indicates that not all anorexic patients exhibit the core diagnostic symptom of fat phobia, the relationship between somatic symptoms and anorexic illness remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate gastrointestinal dysfunction (GD) in Chinese patients with fat phobic (FP) and nonfat phobic (NFP) anorexia nervosa. A total of 113 FP- and 28 NFP-AN outpatients underwent standardized clinical assessment and completed a new 8-item GD scale and other psychopathological measures. A majority (79.4%) of AN patients reported at least some gastrointestinal complaints on the GD scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78). FP-AN patients scored significantly higher than NFP-AN patients. The FP-AN with high GD group reported a higher level of specific and general psychopathology than the FP- and NFP-AN with low GD groups. Contrary to expectations, gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in FP-AN than NFP-AN patients. FP-AN with high GD was more severe than FP- and NFP-AN with low GD. The current fat phobic conceptualization of the anorexic illness may overlook its phenomenologic heterogeneity and reify a dichotomy that is inconsistent with patients’ varied experience of food restriction.

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