Comparison of permeable pavements effluent under Atlantic and Mediterranean rainfall regimes: A mid-term laboratory experience

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

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Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

10.32942/osf.io/t82ug ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Coline Deveautour ◽

Sally Power ◽

Kirk Barnett ◽

Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽

Suzanne Donn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Plant Community ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

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PRÁTICA LABORATORIAL DE PESQUISA SEDIMENTOLÓGICA

Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) ◽

10.35701/rcgs.v21n2.593 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

Alyne Karollayne Melquiades Souza Silva ◽

Joanderson Fernandes Simões ◽

Júlio César Reis Silva ◽

Amanda Cristina Dias Lima ◽

Marcelo Santos Chaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Physical Geography ◽

Laboratory Work ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

Laboratory Experience

Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade relatar experiências em laboratório, especificamente o Laboratório de Geografia Física - Pesquisa (LabGeoFis-Pesquisa), localizado no Departamento de Geografia, no Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Procuramos relatar, de forma concisa, as principais técnicas aplicadas ao trabalho laboratorial, enfatizado a temática da Geografia Física. Para tecer essas considerações, nos fundamentamos em autores como Venturi (2005) e Rudio (1990), os quais tratam sobre teorias e procedimentos relacionados às práticas de laboratório e a pesquisa descritiva e experimental, respectivamente. Para realizar esta pesquisa, levamos em consideração os trabalhos e as experiências desenvolvidas pelos alunos de bacharelado e licenciatura do primeiro período do curso de Geografia. Os resultados aqui obtidos, nos mostraram a importância dos conhecimentos teóricos aliados com a prática de laboratório.Palavras chaves: Laboratório; Experiência; Técnicas. ABSTRACT This research had the purpose of reporting laboratory experiments, specifically the Laboratory of Physical Geography - Research (LabGeoFis-Search), located in the Department of Geography, at the Humanities, Letters and Arts Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. We try to report, in a concise way, the main techniques applied to laboratory work, emphasizing the theme of Physical Geography. In order to make these considerations, we base ourselves on authors such as Venturi (2005) and Rudio (1990), who deal with theories and procedures related to laboratory practices and descriptive and experimental research, respectively. To carry out this research, we take into account the work and experiences developed by the baccalaureate and undergraduate students of the first period of the Geography course. The results obtained here showed us the importance of theoretical knowledge allied with laboratory practice.Keywords: Laboratory; Experience; Technique. RESUMENEl propósito de esta investigación fue reportar experimentos de laboratorio, específicamente el Laboratorio de Investigación de Geografía Física (LabGeoFis-Pesquisa), ubicado en el Departamento de Geografía, en el Centro de Humanidades, Letras y Artes, Universidad Federal de Río Grande del Norte.

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Development of Rice Bran Mixed Porous Clay Bricks for Permeable Pavements: A Sustainable LID Technique for Arid Regions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1443

Author(s):

Fawaz Alharbi ◽

Meshal Almoshaogeh ◽

Md. Shafiquzzaman ◽

Husnain Haider ◽

Md. Rafiquzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Permeability Coefficient ◽

World Health ◽

Stormwater Treatment ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

Permeable Pavements ◽

Clay Bricks

Permeable pavement provides sustainable solutions for urban stormwater management. In this research, the potential of rice bran mixed porous clay bricks were evaluated for permeable pavements. Physical, mechanical and hydrological properties along with stormwater treatment capabilities of the brick samples were assessed. The study found that ratio of rice bran and clay soil has significant impacts on the properties of the produced bricks. Water adsorption and porosity increased with increasing rice bran ratio. Compressive strength of brick samples decreased from 29.6 MPa to 6.9 MPa when the ratio of rice bran was increased from 0% to 20%. The permeability coefficient increased from 4 × 10−4 to 1.39 × 10−2 mm/s with the increase in rice bran from 0% to 30%. The preamble clay bricks were efficient to remove turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), five days’ biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and heavy metals (Mn, Cu, and Zn) from stormwater to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for wastewater reuse application. The bricks with ≤10% of rice bran achieved the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard of the desire compressive strength and permeability coefficient for pedestrian and light traffic pavements. The porous bricks prepared in this study can be used to construct permeable pavements and would be a sustainable low impact developments technique for stormwater management in urban areas.

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