scholarly journals Experimental testing of air filter efficiency against the SARS-CoV-2 virus: The role of droplet and airborne transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 108728
Author(s):  
Cesare Saccani ◽  
Alessandro Guzzini ◽  
Caterina Vocale ◽  
Davide Gori ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Efficiency

scholarly journals The possible role of the Surface Active Substances (SAS) in the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 111215
Author(s):  
Irena Ciglenečki ◽  
Palma Orlović-Leko ◽  
Kristijan Vidović ◽  
Viša Tasić
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Role of airborne transmission in staphylococcal infections.

BMJ ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (5483) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mortimer ◽  
E. Wolinsky ◽  
A. J. Gonzaga ◽  
C. H. Rammelkamp
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections

The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory England ◽  
Nicholas Peirce ◽  
Joseph Torresi ◽  
Sean Mitchell ◽  
Andy Harland
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

AbstractA review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified, evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites, suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater risk in cricket.

Determination of Air Filter Efficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Debabrata Das ◽  
Debayan Das
Keyword(s):  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter Efficiency

scholarly journals Experimental airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona andSalmonellaTyphimurium in weaned pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. B. OLIVEIRA ◽  
L. F. O. S. CARVALHO ◽  
T. B. GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Fumigation Chamber

SUMMARYThis study tested the hypothesis of airborne transmission ofSalmonellaAgona (Trial I) andSalmonellaTyphimurium (Trial II) in weaned pigs. The trials were performed using stainless-steel/glass isolation cabinets connected by air ducts to permit an unidirectional airflow from cabinet 1 (two control pigs) to cabinet 3 (two sentinel pigs), passing through cabinet 2 (two inoculated pigs). Air samples, pooled faecal samples from the floor and rectal swabs were collected daily and assessed by culture and PCR. A fumigation chamber and rubber gloves coupled to the cabinets allowed sampling without opening the system. Trials I and II lasted 15 and 19 days respectively. The recovery ofS. Agona andS. Typhimurium and detection of seroconversion in sentinel pigs indicate that airborneSalmonellatransmission in weaned pigs over short distances is possible. Further studies on the role of aerosols in the epidemiology ofSalmonellain intensive pig production should be performed.

scholarly journals Role of mechanical ventilation in the airborne transmission of infectious agents in buildings

Indoor Air ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Luongo ◽  
K. P. Fennelly ◽  
J. A. Keen ◽  
Z. J. Zhai ◽  
B. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Airborne Transmission

scholarly journals Cell therapy in treatment of skin burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (77) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
A. A. Yatsenko ◽  
S. V. Barannikov ◽  
I. Yu. Makarov ◽  
I. V. Borozda ◽  
Yu. A. Spirina
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Wound Coverage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Engineered Structures

The review summarizes the results of modern research in the field of cell therapy for skin burns. The relevance of conducting these studies both in Russia and in the world is described. The methods of influence on the skin regeneration after burns in addition to cell therapy are indicated. A history reference on the development of cell therapy for burn skin lesions is given. The documents governing the conduct of cell therapy in Russia are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of cell technology using keratinocytes are described. The methods of cell therapy for skin burns using fibroblasts are analyzed. The role of three-dimensional tissue-engineered structures – scaffolds in the regeneration of the skin is described. Their classification is given by the duration of wound coverage (permanent, semi-permanent and temporary), by composition (cellular, acellular), by type of material (synthetic, biological, which are divided into allogeneic and autologous). The main representatives of each group that are used in research as therapy in the treatment of skin burns are described: Biobrane, Integra, Dermagraft, TransCyte, Hyalograft 3D, Laser skin epidermal replacement, TissueTech autograft system. The data on the experimental testing of each of the representatives are presented. The issue of improving vascularization of tissue-engineering structures using bioreactors was also raised. According to the results of the review, it was concluded that the use of three-dimensional structures in the treatment of burn skin lesions shows the greatest efficacy and safety among pronounced cell therapy options in clinical practice. At the same time, the existing drawbacks of the analyzed samples require further study and analysis.

Modeling and Experimental Testing of the Hondamatic Inline Hydromechanical Transmission (iHMT)1

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hu ◽  
C. Jing ◽  
P. Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Valve Mechanism ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Abstract A hydromechanical transmission (HMT) is a continuously variable transmission that transmits power both mechanically and hydraulically. A typical HMT consists of a pair of hydraulic pump/motors and a mechanical transmission in parallel, making it bulky and costly. The Hondamatic transmission is a compact alternative HMT design that uses an inline configuration such that the rotation of the piston barrels of the pump and motor is dual-used for mechanical transmission. This is achieved using a two-shafted pump that plays the role of a planetary gear (PG) and a distributor valve mechanism that replaces the valve plates. This paper provides the operating principle of this inline HMT (iHMT) and analyzes its performance through a combination of modeling and experimentation. Specifically, ideal and lossy average models are developed, and the performance of the Hondamatic is characterized experimentally. The lossy model, fitted with seven empirically determined parameters, is capable of predicting the mechanical and volumetric losses at different ratios and operating conditions. The dominant losses are found to be compressibility losses and no-load viscous friction losses, especially on the motor side. These losses are attributed to be the main causes for the unity transmission ratio to be less efficient than expected. The overall efficiency is between 74 and 86% at the conditions tested experimentally and is predicted to be over 70% under most operating conditions and transmission ratios. This analytical and experimental study is the first study in the open literature on this innovative compact inline HMT configuration.

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