scholarly journals Role of mechanical ventilation in the airborne transmission of infectious agents in buildings

Indoor Air ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Luongo ◽  
K. P. Fennelly ◽  
J. A. Keen ◽  
Z. J. Zhai ◽  
B. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Airborne Transmission

Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment ? a multidisciplinary systematic review

Indoor Air ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
G. M. Leung ◽  
J. W. Tang ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
C. Y. H. Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Airborne Transmission

scholarly journals The possible role of the Surface Active Substances (SAS) in the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 111215
Author(s):  
Irena Ciglenečki ◽  
Palma Orlović-Leko ◽  
Kristijan Vidović ◽  
Viša Tasić
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Lower peripheral blood Toll-like receptor 3 expression is associated with an unfavorable outcome in severe COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Saad Menezes ◽  
Alicia Dudy Müller Veiga ◽  
Thais Martins de Lima ◽  
Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga ◽  
Hermes Vieira Barbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe role of innate immunity in COVID-19 is not completely understood. Therefore, this study explored the impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in peripheral blood cells and their correlated cytokines. Seventy-nine patients with severe COVID-19 on admission, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification, were divided into two groups: patients who needed mechanical ventilation and/or deceased (SEVERE, n = 50) and patients who used supplementary oxygen but not mechanical ventilation and survived (MILD, n = 29); a control group (CONTROL, n = 17) was also enrolled. In the peripheral blood, gene expression (mRNA) of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIGI), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interferon alpha (IFN-α), interferon beta (IFN-β), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon lambda (IFN-λ), pro-interleukin(IL)-1β (pro-IL-1β), and IL-18 was determined on admission, between 5–9 days, and between 10–15 days. Circulating cytokines in plasma were also measured. When compared to the COVID-19 MILD group, the COVID-19 SEVERE group had lower expression of TLR3 and overexpression of TLR4.

scholarly journals Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Surabhi Chandra ◽  
Sahil Goel ◽  
Ritika Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractPediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a challenging problem with high mortality. Role of neuromuscular blockade in the management of ARDS to date has been controversial, and this study was done to study the role of neuromuscular blockade in children having PARDS and development of associated complications, if any. This was a prospective, case–control study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a period of 24 months. Patients of age 1 to 18 years who presented with or developed PARDS during their course of hospitalization were included after written informed consent was obtained from their parents and/or guardians. Patients with PARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were partitioned into a case group and a control group. Case group patients were sedated and paralyzed using midazolam (1 µg/kg/min) and vecuronium (1 µg/kg/min), respectively, along with institution of definitive management. Control group patients were given definitive and supportive therapy, but no neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). All patients were followed up for signs and symptoms of myopathy or neuropathy during the entire duration of hospital stay and up to 3 months after discharge. During the study period, 613 patients were admitted to the PICU of which 91 patients qualified as having PARDS. Sepsis was the main etiology in 67 of the 91 patients (73.6%) with PARDS. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study, of which 29 patients were included in the case group and 30 patients were included in the control group. Among the 29 case group patients, 25 patients (86.2%) were successfully extubated. Four patients from the case group expired, while 14 out of 30 control group patients (46.7%) expired. Hypotension was present in 26 case group patients (89.6%), of which all showed resolution within 48 hours of definitive treatment. The mean time to resolution of hypotension was 41.6 hours (standard deviation [SD]: 5.759; range: 24–48) for case group patients, significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the mean time to resolution of 103 hours (SD: 18.995; range: 90–126) for the 10 control group patients with hypotension that survived. Mean oxygenation index (OI) following 48 hours of vecuronium therapy was significantly lower (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 5.9129–9.9671) than mean OI at admission for case group patients. None of the patients receiving vecuronium exhibited neuromuscular deficit during their hospital stay, at time of discharge, or at follow-up evaluation up to 3 months after discharge. In this study, pediatric cases diagnosed with PARDS and managed with mechanical ventilation and vecuronium therapy had improved mean OI following 48 hours of NMBA therapy and a lower mortality when compared with matched control group patients. Incidence of NMBA-related weakness was not commonly observed in these patients.

scholarly journals Role of airborne transmission in staphylococcal infections.

BMJ ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (5483) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mortimer ◽  
E. Wolinsky ◽  
A. J. Gonzaga ◽  
C. H. Rammelkamp
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Staphylococcal Infections

scholarly journals The Role of Infectious Agents in the Etiology of Ocular Adnexal Neoplasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Verma ◽  
Defen Shen ◽  
Pamela C. Sieving ◽  
Chi-Chao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agents

Role of clinical predictors in determining the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with acute stroke and their outcome- A Prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Maqsood Ahmad Dar ◽  
Eijaz Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Muzzafer M Mir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Motor Score ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Ventilator Support

Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed countries and the leading cause of long term disability. As the mortality during initial few days depends upon the compression of vital organs in brain stem due to raised intracranial tension and possible herniation, treatment for impending or early herniation requires intubation and mechanical ventilation and up to 10% of patients with acute stroke need mechanical ventilation due to different reasons. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to find the role of clinical predictors in determining the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with acute stroke and their outcome. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from September 2017 to march 2019 of patients with acute stroke admitted either through OPD or Emergency/ Triage of Max super specialty hospital, Saket, New Delhi. Patients with acute Stroke defined as the presence of sudden onset of focal neurological deficit and admitted within 24 h of onset of symptoms with Age ≥18 years were included in the study. Patients already on ventilator support at the time of admission were excluded. Results: A total of 165 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were enrolled for the study. Out of 165 patients included in the study 43 (26.06 %) were put on the mechanical ventilation due to various reasons. Multivariate analysis of statistically significant and most clinically important variables showed the overall predictor accuracy of requirement of mechanical ventilation of 81.2% if the patients had loss of consciousness at the time of onset ( OR = 0.076) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) motor score of ≤ 5 ( OR= 0.000). About 58.62% (17/29) patients who were put on ventilator support were found to have favorable outcome Modified Rankin Scale (MRS score ≤ 2) at discharge compared to 6.90% (2/29) before ventilation. Conclusion: We concluded that loss of consciousness at onset, GCS motor score ≤ 5 (OR= 0.000) were associated with overall predictor accuracy of 81.2% in determining the need for mechanical ventilation. We found overall in-hospital mortality rate of 9.1% whereas mortality rate in patients on mechanical ventilation was 32.55%.

The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory England ◽  
Nicholas Peirce ◽  
Joseph Torresi ◽  
Sean Mitchell ◽  
Andy Harland
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

AbstractA review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified, evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites, suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater risk in cricket.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF TRACHEOTOMY IN WEANING FROM MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Levent Aydemir ◽  
Hakan Kara ◽  
Cömert Şen ◽  
Kadir Orhan ◽  
Meryem Keleş Türel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
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