Functionalized graphene oxide triggers cell cycle checkpoint control through both the ATM and the ATR signaling pathways

Carbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Wang ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Ligeng Xu ◽  
Xiaofang Tan ◽  
Liangzhu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint

DNA damage checkpoint kinases in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Smith ◽  
Harriet Southgate ◽  
Deborah A. Tweddle ◽  
Nicola J. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Checkpoint Kinases ◽  
G1 Checkpoint ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
High Level

Abstract DNA damage response (DDR) pathway prevents high level endogenous and environmental DNA damage being replicated and passed on to the next generation of cells via an orchestrated and integrated network of cell cycle checkpoint signalling and DNA repair pathways. Depending on the type of damage, and where in the cell cycle it occurs different pathways are involved, with the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway controlling the G1 checkpoint or ATR-CHK1-Wee1 pathway controlling the S and G2/M checkpoints. Loss of G1 checkpoint control is common in cancer through TP53, ATM mutations, Rb loss or cyclin E overexpression, providing a stronger rationale for targeting the S/G2 checkpoints. This review will focus on the ATM-CHK2-p53-p21 pathway and the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway and ongoing efforts to target these pathways for patient benefit.

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