Prevalence of Extracranial venous Narrowing on Magnetic Resonance Venography is Similar in People with Multiple Sclerosis, Their Siblings, and Unrelated Healthy Controls: A Blinded, Case-Control Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Martin ◽  
Anthony L. Traboulsee ◽  
Lindsay Machan ◽  
Darren Klass ◽  
Tasha Ellchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Control Study

Purpose The study sought to assess and compare the prevalence of narrowing of the major extracranial veins in subjects with multiple sclerosis and controls, and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance venography (MRV) for describing extracranial venous narrowing as it applies to the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency theory, using catheter venography (CV) as the gold standard. Methods The jugular and azygos veins were assessed with time-of-flight MRV in this assessor-blinded, case-control study of subjects with multiple sclerosis, their unaffected siblings, and unrelated controls. The veins were evaluated by diameter and area, and compared with CV. Collateral vessels were also analyzed for maximal diameter, as a potential indicator of compensatory flow. Results A high prevalence of extracranial venous narrowing was demonstrated in all study groups, collectively up to 84% by diameter criteria and 90% by area, with no significant difference between the groups when assessed independently ( P = .34 and .63, respectively). There was high interobserver variability in the reporting of vessel narrowing (kappa = 0.32), and poor vessel per vessel correlation between narrowing on MRV and CV (kappa = 0.064). Collateral neck veins demonstrated no convincing difference in maximum size or correlation with jugular narrowing. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of narrowing of the major extracranial veins on MRV in all 3 study groups, with no significant difference between them. These findings do not support the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency theory. Although MRV has shown a high sensitivity for identifying venous narrowing, time-of-flight imaging demonstrates poor interobserver agreement and poor specificity when compared with the gold standard CV.

Observational case-control study of the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: results from the CoSMo study

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Comi ◽  
MA Battaglia ◽  
A Bertolotto ◽  
M Del Sette ◽  
A Ghezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Coded Duplex Sonography ◽  
Control Study

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The CoSMo study evaluated the association between CCSVI and MS. Methods: The primary end-point of this multicentric, case-control study was to compare the prevalence of CCSVI between patients with MS, patients with other neurodegenerative diseases (ONDs) and healthy controls (HCs). Color-coded duplex sonography was performed by a sonologist and the images were sent to one of three central sonologists for a second reading. Agreement between local and central sonologists or, in case of disagreement, the predominant judgment among the three central readers, was required for a diagnosis of CCSVI. All readings, data collection and analysis were blinded. Results: The study involved 35 MS centers across Italy and included 1874 subjects aged 18–55. 1767 (94%) were evaluable: 1165 MS patients, 226 patients with ONDs and 376 HCs. CCSVI prevalence was 3.26%, 3.10% and 2.13% for the MS, OND and HC groups, respectively. No significant difference in CCSVI prevalence was found amongst the three cohorts (MS versus HC, OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 0.72–3.36, p = 0.30; OND versus HC, OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 0.53–4.11, p = 0.46; MS versus OND, OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 0.47–2.39, p = 0.99). High negative and low positive agreement was found between the local and centralized readers. Conclusions: CCSVI is not associated with MS.

scholarly journals The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rahnama ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Peiman Petramfar ◽  
Davod Tasa ◽  
Vahid Hemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease, which leads to serious disease symptoms in immunocompromised hosts and infants. Recent epidemiologic surveys showed that microbial agents may be associated with some cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This case-control study aimed to examine the role of Toxoplasma gondii in MS by evaluating sero-frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG (ATXAb) antibody between patients with MS and ordinary people in Shiraz Province, south of Iran during 2016 - 2018. Methods: Serum samples obtained from MS patients (n = 130), and a group of age and gender-matched controls (n = 130) with the same socioeconomic status with the patients’ group were collected to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies (ATXAb). Moreover, the presence of the ATXAb antibody of the patients and controls was determined by the ELISA test. SPSS 20 software was used to perform the statistical analysis (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Out of 130 (35.4%) cases with MS and 130 (13.8%) controls, 46 and 18 subjects were seropositive for ATXAb, respectively. Based on the chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in terms of the positivity rates of ATXAb between the MS patient group and the control group (P = 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation ATXAb levels in controls and MS patients were found to be 61 ± 34 and 114 ± 47 IU/mL, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the levels of these two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the relationship between toxoplasmosis and MS, it is possible that the prevalence of MS decreases by increasing hygiene and preventing toxoplasmosis.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Epilepsy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Control Study. Implications for Treatment Trials with 4-Aminopyridine

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Truyen ◽  
F Barkhof ◽  
Stfm Frequin ◽  
CH Polman ◽  
H Tobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Subcortical Lesion ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study of epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is presented using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to semiquantitatively assess cortical-subcortical lesion load. In this sample of 13 pairs of cases with MS and epilepsy and controls with MS without epilepsy we found statistically higher cumulated cortical-subcortical lesion loads in the cases than in the controls (Wilcoxon, P=0.036). Total lesion loads (cortical-subcortical plus deep white matter loads) did not differ significantly (P > 0.1) between cases and controls. The relative risk for seizures as determined by the odds ratio of a cortical-subcortical lesion load of ≥20 was. 8.8 (χ2 = 5.23, P 0.025), the odds ratio of a large (> 1 cm) cortico-subcortical lesion was 4.7 (χ2 = 4.9, P < 0.05), while the 2 MR criteria combined show an odds ratio of 19.2 (χ2 = 8.0, P < 0.005). We conclude that first, the presence of cortical-subcortical lesions in part accounts for the occurrence of seizures in MS patients; second, due to the substantial overlap of MR imaging scores between cases and controls the ultimate use of these MR imaging findings in the management of individual patients or in the organizations of trials should depend on the expected benefit of the treatment If the benefit is only moderate or not known a cautious approach with exclusion of cases showing a substantial cortical-subcortical lesion load on MR imaging seems appropriate in trials with drugs, like 4-aminopyridine, that lower the epileptic threshold.

scholarly journals Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study from Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Mehrpour ◽  
Neda Najimi ◽  
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ◽  
Fatemeh Naderi Safa ◽  
Samira Mirzaeizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Control Study

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: A sonographer-blinded case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Imperiale ◽  
Fabio Melis ◽  
Claudia Giaccone ◽  
Marilena Guido ◽  
Eva Milano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Control Study

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

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