Flow-driven soil erosion processes and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on steep slopes using colluvial deposits in a permanent gully

Soil erosion is a long-term problem that causes the degradation of the earth's surface depending on geomorphological and climatic conditions. Adverse combinations of these conditions can create situations where not only sheet erosion occurs, but also rill processes begin to occur due to the concentration of surface runoff. Erosion processes become undesirable and dangerous when they occur on construction sites. The presented project is basically focused on the effectiveness of protective geotextiles against soil erosion, but processes related to sheer and rill erosion were also investigated. The research was carried out on experimental plots of 4x1 meters, which were placed in the outdoor laboratory in Jirkov. These three plots were set at slopes from 22&#176; to 34&#176; and artificial rain was simulated on them using a rainfall simulator. A second experimental area of &#8203;&#8203;the same size was available at the laboratory rainfall simulator at the CTU in Prague, where a modern facility was created for the purpose of soil erosion testing on steep slopes. This device can create slopes up to 40&#176;.The photogrammetric method &#8222;Structure from Motion&#8220; was used for monitoring soil surface before and after each simulation. Orthophotos and digital elevation models were compared with each other to get digital elevation models of difference. Calculation of the ratio between sheet and rill erosion was done by manually creating rill polygons and by calculating the volume changes above the polygons of these rills and over the whole surface. According to preliminary results on these 4 m long slopes, the rill volume represented approximately 30 % compared to the overall volume change.Shifts of stabilizing natural geotextiles by surface runoff and eroded material were also monitored using photogrammetric methods. Deformations and displacements were measured from differences in the detailed images before and after the simulation. Transversal veins and their shift along the slope were evaluated.This research is funded by the TA CR &#160;- TH02030428.

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Interrill soil erosion processes on steep slopes

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 548 ◽

pp. 652-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

X.C. (John) Zhang ◽

Z.L. Wang

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Steep Slopes

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Soil erosion processes and sediment sorting associated with transport mechanisms on steep slopes

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.06.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 454-455 ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

Z.H. Shi ◽

N.F. Fang ◽

F.Z. Wu ◽

L. Wang ◽

B.J. Yue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Transport Mechanisms ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Sediment Sorting ◽

Steep Slopes

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Soil erosion in sloping vineyards under conventional and organic land use managements (Saar-Mosel Valley, Germany)

Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica ◽

10.18172/cig.3161 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 119 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Kirchhoff ◽

J. Rodrigo-Comino ◽

M. Seeger ◽

J.B. Ries

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Management Practices ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Natural Rainfall ◽

Total Runoff ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Steep Slopes ◽

Runoff And Soil Loss

German vineyards are one of the land uses most prone to soil erosion. Due to their placement on mainly steep slopes and non-conservative cultivation practices, runoff and soil loss are a serious problem for wine growers. In the Saar-Mosel valley (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), there is a tendency towards organic management of vineyards with protective grass cover in the inter-rows. Since there is a lack of information about organic-conventional tillage in German vineyards related to soil erosion processes, this study presents a comparison between these two soil management practices. For this purpose, 22 rainfall simulations were performed as well as a medium-term monitoring by using 4-paired Gerlach troughs in two experimental sites in the Saar-Mosel valley. The mean simulated runoff coefficient and suspended sediment load in conventional vineyards amounted up to 23.3% and 33.75 g m-2, respectively. In the organic site, runoff and soil loss were only recorded in one out of the 11 simulations. Runoff and sediment was collected in the Gerlach troughs for 33 natural rainfall events. In the conventional vineyard, the total measured soil loss was 3314.63 g m-1 and 6503.77 g m-1 and total runoff volumes were 105.52 L m-1 and 172.58 L m-1. In the organic site, total soil losses reached 143.16 g m-1 and 258.89 g m-1 and total runoff was 21.65 L m-1 and 12.69 L m-1. When soil loss was measured without corresponding runoff or precipitation, soil erosion was activated by tillage or trampling. Finally, the conventional vineyard showed a higher variability in soil loss and runoff suggesting less predictable results.

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Analyzing Regional Geographic Challenges: The Resilience of Chinese Vineyards to Land Degradation Using a Societal and Biophysical Approach

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 227

Author(s):

Yang Yu ◽

Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Point Of View ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Erosion Rates ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Scientific Hypothesis ◽

Vineyard Soil

Land degradation, especially soil erosion, is a societal issue that affects vineyards worldwide, but there are no current investigations that inform specifically about soil erosion rates in Chinese vineyards. In this review, we analyze this problem and the need to avoid irreversible damage to soil and their use from a regional point of view. Information about soil erosion in vineyards has often failed to reach farmers, and we can affirm that to this time, soil erosion in Chinese vineyards has been more of a scientific hypothesis than an agronomic or environmental concern. Two hypotheses can be presented to justify this review: (i) there are no official and scientific investigations on vineyard soil erosion in China as the main topic, and it may be understood that stakeholders do not care about this or (ii) there is a significant lack of information and motivation among farmers, policymakers and wineries concerning the consequences of soil erosion. Therefore, this review proposes a plan to study vineyard soil erosion processes for the first time in China and develop a structured scientific proposal considering different techniques and strategies. To achieve these goals, we present a plan considering previous research on other viticultural regions. We hypothesize that the results of a project from a regional geographic point of view would provide the necessary scientific support to facilitate deriving guidelines for sustainable vineyard development in China. We concluded that after completing this review, we cannot affirm why vine plantations have not received the same attention as other crops or land uses.

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Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6763

Author(s):

Mongi Ben Zaied ◽

Seifeddine Jomaa ◽

Mohamed Ouessar

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Spatiotemporal Variability ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Storm Events ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Study Results ◽

Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

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Climate-driven soil erosion processes in alpine environments over the last century: Evidence from the Taibai Mountain (central China)

CATENA ◽

10.1016/j.catena.2021.105569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

pp. 105569

Author(s):

Jia Peng ◽

Xue Bai ◽

Xu Chen

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Central China ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Taibai Mountain ◽

Alpine Environments

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THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF SOIL EROSION: MECHANISM, PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION AND PREDICTION

10.29003/m2428.978-5-317-06630-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valeriy Demidov ◽

Oleg Makarov

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Physical Basis ◽

Soil Science ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Soil Protection ◽

Erosion Mechanism ◽

The Past ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Wide Range

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions, studying in the specialty of soil science, as well as specializing in erosion and soil protection. The textbook describes the physical basis and mechanism of erosion processes, based on some sections of hydraulics, hydrology, hydro-and aeromechanics, knowledge of which is necessary to understand the mechanism of water, wind and irrigation soil erosion. The main mathematical models and principles of forecasting the values of soil losses as a result of erosion processes are considered. The textbook will be useful not only for students and postgraduates studying in the specialty of soil science, but also for geographers, ecologists and a wide range of specialists interested in the problems of soil cover conservation and environmental protection.

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