N-3 HUFAs affect fat deposition, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Atlantic salmon visceral adipose tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Todorčević ◽  
Marte A. Kjær ◽  
Nataša Djaković ◽  
Anne Vegusdal ◽  
Bente E. Torstensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Profiling the Discordant Visceral Adipose Tissue–Ectopic Liver Fat Phenotype: Results from the Dallas Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dallas Heart Study ◽  
Ectopic Liver ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

The accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and ectopic liver fat (ELF) generally parallel each other, but a proportion of individuals have discordant fat deposition. The cardiometabolic profile of individuals with a discordant phenotype is unknown.

Monoamine oxidase is a source of oxidative stress in obese patients with chronic inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Sturza ◽  
Sorin Olariu ◽  
Mihaela Ionică ◽  
Oana M. Duicu ◽  
Adrian O. Văduva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is an important preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality from cardiometabolic disease. Oxidative stress (including in visceral adipose tissue) and chronic low-grade inflammation are the major underlying pathomechanisms. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) has recently emerged as an important source of cardiovascular oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of MAO as contributor to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in white adipose tissue and vessels harvested from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. To this aim, visceral adipose tissue and mesenteric artery branches were isolated from obese patients with chronic inflammation and used for organ bath, ROS production, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistology studies. The human visceral adipose tissue and mesenteric artery branches contain mainly the MAO-A isoform, as shown by the quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistology experiments. A significant upregulation of MAO-A, the impairment in vascular reactivity, and increase in ROS production were found in obese vs. non-obese patients. Incubation of the adipose tissue samples and vascular rings with the MAO-A inhibitor (clorgyline, 30 min) improved vascular reactivity and decreased ROS generation. In conclusion, MAO-A is the predominant isoform in human abdominal adipose and vascular tissues, is overexpressed in the setting of inflammation, and contributes to the endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress and Visceral Adipose Tissue Mediators of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy Are Reduced in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated with Metformin

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Zaida Abad-Jiménez ◽  
Sandra López-Domènech ◽  
Rubén Díaz-Rúa ◽  
Francesca Iannantuoni ◽  
Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory condition affecting a range of individuals, from metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects to type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Metformin has been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To study whether the effects of metformin are mediated by changes in the inflammasome complex and autophagy in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese patients, a biopsy of VAT was obtained from a total of 68 obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. The patients were clustered into two groups: MHO patients and T2D patients treated with metformin. Patients treated with metformin showed decreased levels of all analyzed serum pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, IL1β and MCP1) and a downwards trend in IL18 levels associated with a lower production of oxidative stress markers in leukocytes (mitochondrial ROS and myeloperoxidase (MPO)). A reduction in protein levels of MCP1, NFκB, NLRP3, ASC, ATG5, Beclin1 and CHOP and an increase in p62 were also observed in the VAT of the diabetic group. This downregulation of both the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in VAT may be associated with the improved inflammatory profile and leukocyte homeostasis seen in obese T2D patients treated with metformin with respect to MHO subjects and endorses the cardiometabolic protective effect of this drug.

Oxidative stress is associated with visceral adipose tissue and subclinical atherosclerosis in a healthy multi-ethnic population

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Lear ◽  
Lindsei K. Sarna ◽  
Timothy J. Siow ◽  
G.B. John Mancini ◽  
Yaw L. Siow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Plasma Tbars

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) are risk factors for coronary artery disease. We tested the hypothesis that VAT and IMT were associated with systemic oxidative stress. Healthy men and women (n = 565) matched for ethnicity (Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian) were recruited. Plasma malondialdehyde, a biomarker of oxidative stress, was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). VAT and IMT were determined by computerized tomography and ultrasound scans, respectively. Plasma TBARS levels correlated with VAT and total atheroma burden (sum of IMT area and plaque area) in the entire cohort. When stratified by ethnicity, plasma TBARS levels correlated with distinct body composition and arterial measures in different ethnic populations with more associations present amongst Chinese and Europeans relative to Aboriginals and South Asians. VAT was associated with plasma TBARS levels independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, and body mass index. Plasma TBARS levels were associated with IMT, the presence of plaques, and total atheroma burden, independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and VAT. The association with total atheroma burden remained significant even when adjusted for apolipoprotein B. Results from the present study indicate that oxidative stress is positively associated with VAT as well as diffuse and focal carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy men and women.

scholarly journals Loss of Total and Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass Predicts Decreases in Oxidative Stress After Weight-loss Surgery

Obesity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Gletsu-Miller ◽  
Jason M. Hansen ◽  
Dean P. Jones ◽  
Young-Mi Go ◽  
William E. Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Countering adipose tissue dysfunction could underlie the superiority of telmisartan in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya M. Naguib ◽  
Rehab M. Samaka ◽  
Mohamed S. Rizk ◽  
Omnia Ameen ◽  
Shaimaa M. Motawea
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background The prevalence of hypertension and obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Hypertension and obesity often coexist, and both are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Obese hypertensive patients usually require special anti-hypertensive treatment strategy due to the increased risk of treatment resistance. Molecules that can target both obesity and hypertension underlying pathologies should get more attention. Herein, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, with special interest in visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, in obesity-related hypertension rat model. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were equally divided into: 1—Control group (fed normal laboratory diet for 24 weeks), 2—Diet-induced obesity group (DIO, fed high fat diet for 24 weeks), and 3—Diet-induced obesity treated with telmisartan group (DIO + Tel, fed high fat diet and received telmisartan for 24 weeks). At the end of the study, anthropometrical parameters were evaluated. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum lipids, adipokines, cardiac, renal, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Kidneys were removed and used for histopathological studies, and visceral adipose tissue was utilized for histopathological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR studies. Results High fat diet resulted in obesity-related changes in anthropometrical parameters, elevation of blood pressure, increase in heart rate, higher serum levels of cardiac, inflammatory and kidney function biomarkers, with altered serum lipids, adipokines and oxidative stress markers. Morphological changes (H&E and PAS-stained sections) were noticed in kidneys and visceral adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR studies confirmed adipose tissue dysfunction and over-expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins. Telmisartan countered obesity-induced alterations in cardiovascular, renal, and adipose tissue functions. Conclusion Adipose tissue dysfunction could be the core pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension. Besides its anti-hypertensive effect, telmisartan had profound actions on visceral adipose tissue structure and function. Attention should be given to polymodal molecules targeting adipose tissue-related disorders.

scholarly journals Visceral Adipose Tissue of Prediabetic and Diabetic Females Shares a Set of Similarly Upregulated microRNAs Functionally Annotated to Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Insulin Signaling

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Justyna Strycharz ◽  
Adam Wróblewski ◽  
Andrzej Zieleniak ◽  
Ewa Świderska ◽  
Tomasz Matyjas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Hypertrophic and hypoxic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) secretes proinflammatory cytokines promoting insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) microRNAs (miRNAs) are markers of metabolic disorders regulating genes critical for e.g., inflammation, glucose metabolism, and antioxidant defense, with raising diagnostic value. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether hyperglycemia is able to affect the expression of selected miRNAs in VAT of prediabetic (IFG) and diabetic (T2DM) patients vs. normoglycemic (NG) subjects using qPCR. Statistical analyses suggested that miRNAs expression could be sex-dependent. Thus, we determined 15 miRNAs as differentially expressed (DE) among NG, T2DM, IFG females (miR-10a-5p, let-7d-5p, miR-532-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-125b-5p, let-7a-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-365a-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-409-3p). Majority of significantly changed miRNAs was similarly upregulated in VAT of female T2DM and IFG patients in comparison to NG subjects, positively correlated with FPG and HbA1c, yet, uncorrelated with WHR/BMI. Enrichment analyses indicated involvement of 11 top DE miRNAs in oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin signaling. Those miRNAs expression changes could be possibly associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in VAT of hyperglycemic subjects.

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