Interactions of acetylcholinesterase with salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from Salvia miltiorhiza water extract investigated by NMR relaxation rate

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuoWei Yin ◽  
Yi Ming Li ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shan Hao Jiang ◽  
Da Yuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Nmr Relaxation ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Salvianolic Acid

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Active Compounds from Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix against Glutamate-Induced HT-22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Hung Manh Phung ◽  
Sullim Lee ◽  
Ki Sung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Salvianolic Acid

Oxidative stress is considered one of the factors that cause dysfunction and damage of neurons, causing diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD).Recently, natural antioxidant sources have emerged as one of the main research areas for the discovery of potential neuroprotectants that can be used to treat neurological diseases. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of a 70% ethanol Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix (SMR) extract and five of its constituent compounds (tanshinone IIA, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and salvianic acid A) in HT-22 hippocampal cells. The experimental data showed that most samples were effective in attenuating the cytotoxicity caused by glutamate in HT-22 cells, except for rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Of the compounds tested, tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA) exerted the strongest effect in protecting HT-22 cells against glutamate neurotoxin. Treatment with 400 nM TS-IIA restored HT-22 cell viability almost completely. TS-IIA prevented glutamate-induced oxytosis by abating the accumulation of calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Moreover, TS-IIA inhibited glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by reducing the activation and phosphorylation of p53, as well as by stimulating Akt expression. This research suggested that TS-IIA is a potential neuroprotective component of SMR, with the ability to protect against neuronal cell death induced by excessive amounts of glutamate.

scholarly journals Preparation of Salvianolic Acid B Disodium Salt Considering the Water Extract Quality Standard

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Ye ◽  
Haibin Qu ◽  
Xingchu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Back Extraction ◽  
Salvianolic Acid

A preparation process of salvianolic acid B (SAB) disodium salt from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) is provided in this work. A water extract quality standard was also developed to estimate the influences of Danshen quality on SAB disodium salt quality at an early stage of the preparation process. Crude SAB solution was obtained after water extraction, concentration, acidification, 1-butanol extraction, water washing, basification, and water back extraction. Extraction temperature, extraction pH, and back-extraction pH were identified to be key parameters for the preparation of crude SAB solution. These parameters were optimized with Box–Behnken designed experiments. Crude SAB solution was further purified with a chromatography process. AMBERCHROW CG161M resin was selected as the best adsorbent. SAB disodium salt could be obtained by drying the eluate. Considering the quality of Danshen may affect the purity and yield of SAB disodium salt, different batches of Danshen were used to prepare SAB disodium salt with the optimized parameters. Water extract indices of phenolic compound purity and phenolic compound yield were measured. By developing models between SAB disodium salt purity and yield with water extract indices, the quality standard of Danshen water extract was obtained. The application of water extract quality standards can improve the quality consistency of SAB disodium salt. The effects of different batches of Danshen raw materials on the final product could be evaluated at the beginning of production stages. The present method could prepare about five grams of high-purity SAB disodium salt (>95%) in one preparation cycle. The method reported in this work can also be used to develop process intermediate quality standards for other natural products.

Quantitative determination and validation of four phenolic acids in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge using 1H-NMR spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoni Hou ◽  
Zongsuo Liang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Feng Su ◽  
Jipeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Root Extracts

Background: Although chromatography and spectrometry based methods have been used to analyse phenolic acids in Chinese traditional medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB), quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) has never previously been used to analyse fresh SMB root extracts. Objective: To establish a fast and simple method of quantitating danshensu, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B content in fresh SMB root using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Method: Fresh SMB root were extracted using a 70% methanol aqueous solution and quantitatively analysed for danshensu, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Different internal standards were compared and the results were validated using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The established method was accurate and precise with good recovery. The LOD and LOQ indicated the excellent sensitivity of the method. The robustness was testified by modification of four different parameters, and the differences among each parameter were all less than 2%. Conclusion: qNMR offers a fast, reliable and accurate method of identifying and quantifying danshensu, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in fresh SMB root extracts.

scholarly journals Rosmarinic Acid Derivatives’ Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Is the Pharmacological Basis of Kangen-Karyu in Alzheimer’s Disease

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Paudel ◽  
Su Seong ◽  
Yajuan Zhou ◽  
Chan Park ◽  
Takako Yokozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3Β ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Magnesium Lithospermate B ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Pharmacological Basis

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is considered to be the central therapeutic approach against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, boiled water extracts of the Kangen-karyu (KK) herbal mixture and its constituents were screened for GSK-3β inhibitory activity. KK is used in traditional Kampo and Chinese medicines for improving cognitive function. The GSK-3β inhibition potential was evaluated by using the Kinase-Glo luminescent kinase assay platform. Furthermore, enzyme kinetics and in silico modeling were performed by using AutoDockTools to demonstrate the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. KK extract significantly inhibited GSK-3β in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 17.05 ± 1.14 μg/mL) when compared with the reference drug luteolin (IC50: 2.18 ± 0.13 μM). Among the six components of KK, extracts of Cyperi Rhizoma and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix significantly inhibited GSK-3β with IC50 values of 20.68 ± 2.50 and 7.77 ± 1.38 μg/mL, respectively. Among the constituents of the roots of S. miltiorrhiza water extract, rosmarinic acid, magnesium lithospermate B, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid C inhibited GSK-3β with IC50 values ranging from 6.97 to 135.5 μM. Salvianolic acid B was found to be an ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β and showed the lowest IC50 value (6.97 ± 0.96 µM). In silico modeling suggested a mechanism of action by which the hydrophobic, π–cation, and hydrophilic interactions of salvianolic acid B at ATP and substrate sites are critical for the observed GSK-3β inhibition. Therefore, one of the mechanisms of action of KK against AD may be the inhibition of GSK-3β and one of the active components of KK is the root of S. miltiorrhiza and its constituents: rosmarinic acid, magnesium lithospermate B, and salvianolic acids A, B, and C. Our results demonstrate the pharmacological basis for the use of KK against AD.

Rosmarinic Acid Suppresses Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimiao Bian ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Na Han ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Salvianolic Acid B ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractAn abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder caused by dissection and rupture. No effective medicine is currently available for the > 90% of patients whose aneurysms are below the surgical threshold. The present study investigated the impact of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B on experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via infusion of angiotensin II for 4 wks. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, salvianolic acid B, or doxycycline as a positive control was provided daily through intraperitoneal injection. Administration of rosmarinic acid was found to decrease the thickness of the aortic wall, as determined by histopathological assay. Rosmarinic acid also exhibited protection against elastin fragmentation in aortic media and down-regulated cell apoptosis and proliferation in the aortic adventitia. Infiltration of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in aortic aneurysms was found, especially at the aortic adventitia. Rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid C, or salvianolic acid B inhibited the infiltration on macrophages specifically, but these compounds did not influence T lymphocytes and neutrophils. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor significantly increased in aortic aneurysms. Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid C decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in media, and rosmarinic acid also tended to reduce migration inhibitory factor expression. Further then, partial least squares-discriminate analysis was used to classify metabolic changes among different treatments. Rosmarinic acid affected most of the metabolites in the biosynthesis of the citrate cycle, fatty acid pathway significantly. Our present study on mice demonstrated that rosmarinic acid inhibited multiple pathological processes, which were the key features important in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Further study on rosmarinic acid, the novel candidate for aneurysmal therapy, should be undertaken to determine its potential for clinical use.

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