Systematic Treatment and Evaluation of Nitride Phosphor with Hybrid Layer Modification Against Moisture Degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 132789
Author(s):  
Wen-Tse Huang ◽  
Yedukondalu Meesala ◽  
Hsi-Ping Hsueh ◽  
Mu-Huai Fang ◽  
Zhen Bao ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.


Nephrology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. A97-A97
Author(s):  
Hoy We ◽  
Baker P ◽  
Wang Z ◽  
Cass A ◽  
Mathews Jd ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2608-2613
Author(s):  
Larisa Simona Deac ◽  
Kamel Earar ◽  
Adela Loredana Colceriu Burtea ◽  
Alexandra Stefania Berghe ◽  
Aurora Antoniac ◽  
...  

This study evaluates and compares by dye penetration method and SEM photomicrographs the sealing obtained using two different classes of adhesive systems (etch-and-rinse and self-etch with selective etching) with SDR (Dentsply) bulk fill composite. 84 class V cavities were prepared on oral and vestibular face of 42 intact, freshly extracted wisdom teeth. The cavities were randomly divided in two groups and restored: Group 1 with prime &bond one select (Dentsply) and SDR (Dentsply) and Group 2 with prime&bond one Etch&Rinse (Dentsply) and SDR (Dentsply). Prime&bond one Select (Dentsply) is a single component adhesive and can be used in self etch mode, in selective enamel etch mode, or in etch-and-rinse mode. We chosen for this study the selective etch of the enamel mode. Prime&bond one Etch Rinse (Dentsply) is a universal etch-and-rinse one-bottle dental adhesive, designed to be used in two steps. The bulk fill composites are commonly used in modern dentistry due to their properties of low polymerization shrinkage and curing in layer of 4 mm depth, offering the practitioner a fast clinical procedure with good results. The results showed a good sealing at enamel and dentin margins with no statistically significant difference between adhesives, even though the mean of enamel infiltration was smaller for Group1. Furthermore the results show that there were differences between the two groups, for the infiltrations at the enamel, the values of microleakage being arithmetically higher for Group 1, but with no statistically difference between the two groups.SEM images showed for both groups a good adhesion surface with the tooth, but the hybrid layer of the total-etch adhesives is different from the hybrid layer formed by self etch adhesives, in terms of thickness, uniformity. In conclusion both adhesive systems have equivalent sealing qualities and can be successfully used with SDR.


Coins were the most deliberate of all symbols of public communal identities, yet the Roman historian will look in vain for any good introduction to, or systematic treatment of, the subject. Sixteen leading international scholars have sought to address this need by producing this authoritative collection of essays, which ranges over the whole Roman world from Britain to Egypt, from 200 BC to AD 300. The subject is approached through surveys of the broad geographical and chronological structure of the evidence, through chapters which focus on ways of expressing identity, and through regional studies which place the numismatic evidence in local context.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100111
Author(s):  
Louis Van der Meeren ◽  
Joost Verduijn ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ellen Verwee ◽  
Dmitri V. Krysko ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tucker S. McElroy ◽  
Agustin Maravall

AbstractWhile it is typical in the econometric signal extraction literature to assume that the unobserved signal and noise components are uncorrelated, there is nevertheless an interest among econometricians in the hypothesis of hysteresis, i.e. that major movements in the economy are fundamentally linked. While specific models involving correlated signal and noise innovation sequences have been developed and applied using state space methods, there is no systematic treatment of optimal signal extraction with correlated components. This paper provides the mean square error optimal formulas for both finite samples and bi-infinite samples and furthermore relates these filters to the more well-known Wiener–Kolmogorov (WK) and Beveridge–Nelson (BN) signal extraction formulas in the case of ARIMA component models. Then we obtain the result that the optimal filter for correlated components can be viewed as a weighted linear combination of the WK and BN filters. The gain and phase functions of the resulting filters are plotted for some standard cases. Some discussion of estimation of hysteretic models is presented, along with empirical results on an economic time series. Comparisons are made between signal extractions from traditional WK filters and those arising from the hysteretic models.


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