Simultaneous heat integrated resource allocation network targeting for total annual cost considering non-isothermal mixing

2015 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ghazouani ◽  
Assaad Zoughaib ◽  
Sandrine Pelloux-Prayer
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Isothermal Mixing ◽  
Simultaneous Heat

Study of mixed materials heat exchanger using optimization techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Karimi ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi Danesh Ashtiani ◽  
Cyrus Aghanajafi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping ◽  
Mixed Material ◽  
Shell And Tube

Purpose This paper aims to examine total annual cost from economic view mixed materials heat exchangers based on three optimization algorithms. This study compares the use of three optimization algorithms in the design of economic optimization shell and tube mixed material heat exchangers. Design/methodology/approach A shell and tube mixed materials heat exchanger optimization design approach is expanded based on the total annual cost measured by dividing the costs of the heat exchanger to area of surface and power consumption. In this study, optimization and minimization of the total annual cost is considered as the objective function. There are three types of exchangers: cheap, expensive and mixed. Mixed materials are used in corrosive flows in the heat exchanger network. The present study explores the use of three optimization techniques, namely, hybrid genetic-particle swarm optimization, shuffled frog leaping algorithm techniques and ant colony optimization. Findings There are three parameters as decision variables such as tube outer diameter, shell diameter and central baffle spacing considered for optimization. Results have been compared with the findings of previous studies to demonstrate the accuracy of algorithms. Originality/value The present study explores the use of three optimization techniques, namely, hybrid genetic-particle swarm optimization, shuffled frog leaping algorithm techniques and ant colony optimization. This study has demonstrated successful application of each technique for the optimal design of a mixed material shell and tube heat exchanger from the economic view point.

scholarly journals P167 Pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis: an audit of screening practices, incidence and cost over 10 years

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Spray ◽  
Josephine Vila ◽  
Bridget Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Right Heart Catheterisation ◽  
Annual Screening ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are at risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a subtype of pulmonary hypertension (PH) which is not due to left-heart disease, chronic hypoxia or pulmonary arterial thrombus. The European Society of Cardiology recommends annual screening of patients with SSc due to the insidious presentation of PAH, poor outcomes, and the availability of effective treatments. Transthoracic echocardiography is the standard screening investigation, but NT pro-BNP, a biochemical marker of ventricular stretch, may be a cost-effective initial test with echocardiography reserved for patients with new or worsening symptoms or increasing NT pro-BNP. Our centre introduced NT pro-BNP as an adjunct to echocardiography in 2014. Methods We audited our SSc-PAH screening programme from 2009-2018 against the standard that every SSc patient should be screened annually with echocardiography or NT pro-BNP. Patients seen by the regional PH service prior to the first rheumatology clinic were excluded. We used our centre’s database of SSc patients and electronic patient records to determine if a patient had undergone PH screening. We calculated cost estimates from our hospital’s biochemistry and echocardiography departments. Results From 2009 to 2018, the number of SSc patients requiring annual screening rose from 81 to 215. In 2009, 65% of patients were screened - all with echocardiography. In 2018, 88% of patients were screened - 25% had an echocardiogram and 83% had a NT pro-BNP. 63% of patients were screened only through NT pro-BNP. Across the 1476 patient-years studied, only 6 new cases of PH were identified. PH was secondary to ILD in two cases, and true PAH in three cases (one patient refused diagnostic right-heart catheterisation). All three PAH diagnoses came from echocardiograms requested for worsening dyspnoea, so are not attributable to the screening programme. On 31 December 2018, 55% of these patients were taking phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) for severe Raynaud’s phenomenon (50% on sildenafil and 5% on tadalafil). 4% of patients were prescribed bosentan and 3% of patients were prescribed dual therapy with a PDE5i and bosentan. This may explain our centre’s low incidence of PAH. The annual cost of screening per patient has dropped from £82 in 2014 to £59 in 2018, and the total annual cost has plateaued since 2014, despite rising patient numbers and improved screening rates. Conclusion Since introducing NT pro-BNP alongside echocardiography as a screening tool for PAH in SSc patients, we spend less on our screening programme per patient and achieve higher screening rates. However, in 10 years, our screening programme has not detected any asymptomatic cases of PAH, raising questions about the necessity of screening asymptomatic SSc patients. Widespread PDE-5i use may contribute to the low incidence of PAH in our cohort. Disclosures L. Spray None. J. Vila None. B. Griffiths None.

Direct Financial Cost of Diabetes Mellitus among Adult Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State 2016-2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elnil ◽  
Zeinab Swaraldahab ◽  
Sulaf Ibrahim Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tight Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with devastating short and long-term complications that affect productivity. The corner stone for diabetes care is tight glycemic control with regular follow up. To achieve this care, medications and other health care services must be available and affordable. Objective: To estimate the direct cost of diabetes mellitus care among adult patients in Khartoum state. Methods: Cross-sectional study using multi-stage sampling technique to select the facilities proportional to population size. Patients were interviewed using questionnaire. Results: The total annual cost of Diabetes was estimated to be 3820 Sudanese pound (SDG) per person. Hospitalizations fees accounted for the major portion of the cost. Forty-seven percent of the patients were admitted with diabetes related problems during the previous year. One in four of the diabetic patients had no sufficient supply of medications. Conclusion: The total annual cost was significantly lower among those with regular follow up visits than those with irregular visits (P < 0.03). Emphasis should be put on providing affordable and available health services and medication especially at PHC level.

scholarly journals Cost of provision of essential health Services in Public Health Centers of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia; a provider perspective, the pointer for major area of public expenditure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Feyisa ◽  
Kiddus Yitbarek ◽  
Teferi Daba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Cost Center ◽  
Provider Perspective

Abstract Background Provision of up-to-date cost information is crucial for not only addressing knowledge gap on the cost of essential health services (EHS) but also budgeting, allocating adequate resources and improving institutional efficiency at public health centers where basic health services are delivered the most. Objective To analyze the costs of essential health services at public health centers in Jimma Zone. Methods A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in public health centers of Jimma zone from April 10, 2018 to May 9, 2018. The study was conducted from a provider perspective using retrospective standard costing approach of one fiscal year time horizon. Step-down allocation was used to allocate costs to final services. All costs for provision EHS were taken into account and expressed in United States dollar (USD). Sixteen public health centers located in eight districts were randomly selected for the study. Results The Average annual cost of providing essential health services at health centers in Jimma zone was USD 109,806.03 ± 50,564.9. Most (83.7%) of the total Annual cost was spent on recurrent items. Nearly half (45%) of total annual cost was incurred by personnel followed by drugs and consumables that accounted around one third (29%) of the total Annual cost. Around two third (65.9%) of the total annual cost was incurred for provision of EHS at the final cost center. The average overall unit cost was USD 7.4 per EHS per year. Conclusion Cost providing an EHS at public health centers was low and so, necessitating funding of significant resources to provide standard health care. The variability in unit costs and cost components for EHS also suggest that the potential exists to be more efficient via better use of both human and material resources.

scholarly journals Optimization and technical-economic analysis of the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose / Otimização e análise técnico-econômica da produção de 5-hidroximetilfurfural a partir da glicose

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 120240-120262
Author(s):  
Damázio Borba Sant’Ana Júnior ◽  
Fábio de Ávila Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Distillation Columns ◽  
Wide Applicability

In this study, the optimization of four processing schemes were developed for the production of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a chemical platform compound obtained from lignocellulosic biomass and used to make the connection with products from fossil resources. Despite its wide applicability, problems associated with its synthesis hindered its greater use. In this scenario the use of a computer program stands out, as the optimization of processes can be used, evaluating the factors and finding parameters that minimize the costs associated with its production. The optimization of these systems was made from the minimization of the total annual cost of the process carried out through the  Aspen Plus® v.11 software, in addition, the economic feasibility of the process was analyzed and it was possible to obtain the HMF at 1.00$ .kg-1 and the co-product levulinic acid between 1.92 and 3.08 $.kg-1. It was also possible to note that among the operating costs, those from glucose had the greatest effect on its value, whereas in relation to equipment costs, reactors and distillation columns were the ones that had the greatest influence.

scholarly journals Association Between Patient Cognitive and Functional Status and Medicare Total Annual Cost of Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenton J. Johnston ◽  
Hefei Wen ◽  
Jason M. Hockenberry ◽  
Karen E. Joynt Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Total Annual Cost

scholarly journals Optimal Design of a Two-Stage Membrane System for Hydrogen Separation in Refining Processes

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Arias ◽  
Patricia Mores ◽  
Nicolás Scenna ◽  
José Caballero ◽  
Sergio Mussati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cost ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Expansion Turbine ◽  
Process System ◽  
H2 Recovery ◽  
Process System Engineering

This paper fits into the process system engineering field by addressing the optimization of a two-stage membrane system for H2 separation in refinery processes. To this end, a nonlinear mathematical programming (NLP) model is developed to simultaneously optimize the size of each membrane stage (membrane area, heat transfer area, and installed power for compressors and vacuum pumps) and operating conditions (flow rates, pressures, temperatures, and compositions) to achieve desired target levels of H2 product purity and H2 recovery at a minimum total annual cost. Optimal configuration and process design are obtained from a model which embeds different operating modes and process configurations. For instance, the following candidate ways to create the driving force across the membrane are embedded: (a) compression of both feed and/or permeate streams, or (b) vacuum application in permeate streams, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). In addition, the potential selection of an expansion turbine to recover energy from the retentate stream (energy recovery system) is also embedded. For a H2 product purity of 0.90 and H2 recovery of 90%, a minimum total annual cost of 1.764 M$·year−1 was obtained for treating 100 kmol·h−1 with 0.18, 0.16, 0.62, and 0.04 mole fraction of H2, CO, N2, CO2, respectively. The optimal solution selected a combination of compression and vacuum to create the driving force and removed the expansion turbine. Afterwards, this optimal solution was compared in terms of costs, process-unit sizes, and operating conditions to the following two sub-optimal solutions: (i) no vacuum in permeate stream is applied, and (ii) the expansion turbine is included into the process. The comparison showed that the latter (ii) has the highest total annual cost (TAC) value, which is around 7% higher than the former (i) and 24% higher than the found optimal solution. Finally, a sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of the desired H2 product purity and H2 recovery is presented. Opposite cost-based trade-offs between total membrane area and total electric power were observed with the variations of these two model parameters. This paper contributes a valuable decision-support tool in the process system engineering field for designing, simulating, and optimizing membrane-based systems for H2 separation in a particular industrial case; and the presented optimization results provide useful guidelines to assist in selecting the optimal configuration and operating mode.

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